Chapter 12

Question 1

Interaural level differences are a cue to auditory localization because the

Answer 1

person’s head creates an acoustic shadow that prevents high-frequency sounds from reaching the far ear

Question 2

Recanzone (2000) examined localization in A1 and the auditory belt area in monkeys. Results indicated that

Answer 2

the belt area provides more specific localization then A1

Question 3

The importance of similarity of timbre as auditory grouping principle has been supported by

Answer 3

auditory stream segregation

Question 4

McAlpine’s research on gerbils provides evidence for

Answer 4

broadly tuned ITD neurons

Question 5

Infant studies reveal that the dominant stress patterns of their native language can influence perception grouping by

Answer 5

7 months of age

Question 6

Some people who are blind are able to use echolocation to locate objects and perceive shapes by making clicking noises and listening to the reverberations. When expert echolocators use this technique

Answer 6

the clicking sounds activate the auditory and visual cortices

Question 7

Interaural time difference detectors

Answer 7

have been found in the monkey auditory cortex that responds best to specific delays

Question 8

Patient J.G. has temporal lobe damage. While this has not affected his ability to locate sounds, he has difficulty recognizing sounds. This case provides evidence for

Answer 8

what and where pathways in audition

Question 9

Vision: figure-ground segregation :: Audition: ________________.

Answer 9

auditory scene analysis

Question 10

The time that it takes a sound to decrease to ____ of its original level is the reverberation time.

Answer 10

1/1000th

Question 11

If there is an interaural time difference, we interpret the sound as coming from

Answer 11

the side

Question 12

Auditory grouping can be accomplished by

Answer 12

similarity of timbre.
similarity of pitch.
location.

Question 13

The ___________ is composed of the locations where the ILD and ITD are the same.

Answer 13

cone of confusion

Question 14

The “S” in the S/N ratio in a classroom is the:

Answer 14

level of teachers voice

Question 15

Warren et al. presented listeners with tones that were either (1) interrupted with silent gaps; or (2) interrupted with silent gaps with noise. The results showed

Answer 15

the noise condition resulted in listeners hearing a continuous tone

Question 16

The ______ is the dominant cue for locating low-frequency sounds along the azimuth.

Answer 16

ITD

Question 17

Melodic channeling, or the scale illusion, is based on the auditory grouping law ________.

Answer 17

similarity of pitch

Question 18

The horizontal axis in auditory localization is called the

Answer 18

azimuth

Question 19

In the precedence effect, the sound from the far speaker

Answer 19

contributes to the richness of sound

Question 20

The cue of interaural level difference is

Answer 20

not effective for low-frequency sound stimuli

Question 21

The anecdote about the construction of New York’s Philharmonic Hall demonstrates that

Answer 21

an ideal reverberation time does not always predict good acoustics

Question 22

McAlpine’s research on gerbils provides evidence for

Answer 22

broadly tuned ITD neurons

Question 23

The ideal S/N ratio in a classroom is _____ db.

Answer 23

+10 to +15

Question 24

The ____ is important for binaural localization because it is where signals from the left and right ears first meet.

Answer 24

superior olivary nucleus

Question 25

The principle of auditory grouping called ________ is responsible for melody schema.

Answer 25

experience

Question 26

Spectral cues for auditory localization are provided by

Answer 26

the head position and the pinnae

Question 27

Coincidence detectors

Answer 27

fire when the ITD equals 0

Question 28

Garner and Garner showed that smoothing out the nooks of the pinnae

Answer 28

makes it more difficult to locate sounds along the elevation coordinate

Question 29

Sound that reaches the ears after bouncing off a wall or a floor is called

Answer 29

indirect sound

Question 30

The major concern involved in architectural acoustics is how

Answer 30

indirect sound changes sound quality

Question 31

The ideal reverberation time for a small classroom is

Answer 31

about 500 milliseconds

Question 32

The precedence effect is

Answer 32

the listener perceives the fused sound from two speakers to be originating from the lead speaker