Chapter 12 Flashcards
Interaural level differences are a cue to auditory localization because the
person’s head creates an acoustic shadow that prevents high-frequency sounds from reaching the far ear
Recanzone (2000) examined localization in A1 and the auditory belt area in monkeys. Results indicated that
the belt area provides more specific localization then A1
The importance of similarity of timbre as auditory grouping principle has been supported by
auditory stream segregation
McAlpine’s research on gerbils provides evidence for
broadly tuned ITD neurons
Infant studies reveal that the dominant stress patterns of their native language can influence perception grouping by
7 months of age
Some people who are blind are able to use echolocation to locate objects and perceive shapes by making clicking noises and listening to the reverberations. When expert echolocators use this technique
the clicking sounds activate the auditory and visual cortices
Interaural time difference detectors
have been found in the monkey auditory cortex that responds best to specific delays
Patient J.G. has temporal lobe damage. While this has not affected his ability to locate sounds, he has difficulty recognizing sounds. This case provides evidence for
what and where pathways in audition
Vision: figure-ground segregation :: Audition: ________________.
auditory scene analysis
The time that it takes a sound to decrease to ____ of its original level is the reverberation time.
1/1000th
If there is an interaural time difference, we interpret the sound as coming from
the side
Auditory grouping can be accomplished by
similarity of timbre.
similarity of pitch.
location.
The ___________ is composed of the locations where the ILD and ITD are the same.
cone of confusion
The “S” in the S/N ratio in a classroom is the:
level of teachers voice
Warren et al. presented listeners with tones that were either (1) interrupted with silent gaps; or (2) interrupted with silent gaps with noise. The results showed
the noise condition resulted in listeners hearing a continuous tone
The ______ is the dominant cue for locating low-frequency sounds along the azimuth.
ITD
Melodic channeling, or the scale illusion, is based on the auditory grouping law ________.
similarity of pitch
The horizontal axis in auditory localization is called the
azimuth
In the precedence effect, the sound from the far speaker
contributes to the richness of sound
The cue of interaural level difference is
not effective for low-frequency sound stimuli
The anecdote about the construction of New York’s Philharmonic Hall demonstrates that
an ideal reverberation time does not always predict good acoustics
McAlpine’s research on gerbils provides evidence for
broadly tuned ITD neurons
The ideal S/N ratio in a classroom is _____ db.
+10 to +15
The ____ is important for binaural localization because it is where signals from the left and right ears first meet.
superior olivary nucleus
The principle of auditory grouping called ________ is responsible for melody schema.
experience
Spectral cues for auditory localization are provided by
the head position and the pinnae
Coincidence detectors
fire when the ITD equals 0
Garner and Garner showed that smoothing out the nooks of the pinnae
makes it more difficult to locate sounds along the elevation coordinate
Sound that reaches the ears after bouncing off a wall or a floor is called
indirect sound
The major concern involved in architectural acoustics is how
indirect sound changes sound quality
The ideal reverberation time for a small classroom is
about 500 milliseconds
The precedence effect is
the listener perceives the fused sound from two speakers to be originating from the lead speaker
