Chapter 15 Flashcards
There are __________ different types of olfactory receptors in humans.
approximately 350
The ____ pathway conducts signals from the front and sides of the tongue to the brain.
chorda tympani
Which of the following tastes do newborns NOT react to?
salty
A fifth basic taste discovered many years after the other four is
referred to as umami
__________ is the inability to smell due to injury or infection.
anosmia
____ tastes cause an autonomic acceptance response and prepares the gastrointestinal tract for these substances.
sweet
Dogs are more sensitive to smells than humans because
dogs have many more olfactory receptors than humans
The central part of the tongue has no taste sensations because that part consists primarily of _______ papillae which do not contain taste buds.
filiform
Which of the following compounds had the same flavor whether or not the person’s nose was clamped to prevent olfaction?
MSG
The difference between “tasters” and “non-tasters” in the ability to taste PROP is due to:
both higher taste bud density and specialized receptors for “tasters.”
Eliminating the receptor for bitter tastes results in
no effect on responses to the other tastes
Areas on the tongue covered primarily with filiform papillae are similar to ______ in vision.
the blind spot
The tiny bumps on the tongue that contain the taste buds are the
papillae
Sodium nitrate results in a taste of
combination of sour, salty, and bitter
The axons of the olfactory sensory neurons project to the ___________ in the brain.
glomeruli in the olfactory bulb
The axons of the olfactory sensory neurons project to the ___________ in the brain.
glomeruli in the olfactory bulb
In taste research, people are classified as “tasters” or “non-tasters” based on their sensitivity to PTC, which tastes
bitter
Octanoic acid and octanol differ in molecular structure by one oxygen molecule. When smelling these substances,
the recognition profiles for the two substances are very different
When presented with a common odor like banana or motor oil, participants can identify the odor approximately _____% of the time.
50
Olfactory signals from the glomeruli project to
the piriform cortex in the temporal lobe.
the orbitofrontal cortex in the frontal lobe.
the amygdala.
The __________ is the structure that contains the receptors for olfaction.
olfactory mucosa
When an eight-hour-old newborn is given a concentrated shrimp odor to smell, the newborn
responds with a facial expression that displays disgust
When using the forced-choice procedure in measuring odor detection thresholds, the experimenter should
separate trials by at least 30 seconds.
In regard to specificity vs. distributed coding , most researchers conclude
basic taste qualities are determined by specificity coding, and distributed coding is important for discriminating subtle differences
The orbital frontal cortex receives input from
the visual pathways.
the primary somatosensory cortex.
the primary cortical areas for taste and olfaction
Which technique involves injecting an animal with a radioactive molecule to see which part of the olfactory bulb is most activated by different chemicals?
2-DG
Which technique involves injecting an animal with a radioactive molecule to see which part of the olfactory bulb is most activated by different chemicals?
2-DG
Finding the neural code for odor molecules
has focused on which chemical odorants cause the olfactory neurons to fire
Flavor is the impression a person gets from
the combination of olfaction and taste
The substance amiloride
blocks the flow of sodium to taste receptors
When Doty told a participant the correct label for an odor initially described as “fishy-goaty-oily,” the participant transformed the smell into the perception of
leather
Evidence for ______ is provided by an Erickson (1963) study in which rats appeared to be unable to discriminate between two different solutions that produce a similar taste.
distributed coding
The _______ is most likely involved perceiving overlapping odors, such as “coffee” “French toast” and “bacon.”
piriform cortex
A fifth basic taste discovered many years after the other four is
referred to as umami
The senses of ____________ are referred to as the gatekeepers.
olfaction and gustation
As a monkey’s hunger for cream decreases, the firing of the OFC neuron to the cream’s odor
decreases
The _____ papillae are mushroom-shaped and found on the tip and sides of the tongue.
circumvallate
“Across-fiber patterns” is another name for
distributed coding
Olfactory transduction occurs at
the olfactory receptor neurons
Olfactory signals from the thalamus project to
the insula and the frontal operculum cortex
Olfactory signals from the thalamus project to
the insula and the frontal operculum cortex
The human sensitivity for the odorant found in natural gas is ________ the odorant for the main substance in nail polish remover.
greater than
Which of the following is a correct interpretation when using calcium imaging to measure olfactory receptor response?
The more strongly the ORN is activated, the fluorescence decreases.
In one study, men rated the scent of t-shirts worn by women three nights in a row. The results indicated that
men preferred the t-shirt scent if the woman was not ovulating.
Uchida’s optical imaging research showed that larger carbon chains activate areas on the olfactory bulb that are
located more to the left
