Chapter 11

Question 1

Hearing loss that occurs as a function of age is called

Answer 1

presbycusis

Question 2

The function of the auditory canal is to enhance the intensities of some frequency sounds by means of

Answer 2

resonance

Question 3

The question “If a tree falls in a forest and no one is there to hear it, would there be a sound?” is useful because it highlights that “sound” can be

Answer 3

both a perceptual and physical stimulus

Question 4

The function of the muscles of the middle ear is to

Answer 4

dampen the ossicles vibrations at high intensities

Question 5

A complex tone can be created by starting with a pure tone, called the ____________, and adding frequencies that are multiples of this first frequency.

Answer 5

fundamental frequency

Question 6

The range of human hearing is between _____ Hz.

Answer 6

20 to 20,000

Question 7

At their highest settings, MP3 players can reach _____ , which is ________ OSHA’s recommended maximum.

Answer 7

100; 15 db higher than

Question 8

Pitch is primarily determined by the ______ of the sound wave.

Answer 8

frequency

Question 9

The base of the basilar membrane is

Answer 9

narrower than at the apex of the basilar membrane

Question 10

The outer hair cells respond to sound by slightly tilting and changing length. Because of the consequence of this, the action of the outer hair cells is called the

Answer 10

the cochlear amplifier

Question 11

The sound pressure level increases____ as the decibel level increases from 40 to 80 dBs.

Answer 11

10 times

Question 12

When the tip links in the cilia stretch, ion channels open and

Answer 12

potassium flows into the cell

Question 13

Loudness of pure tones depends on frequency and sound pressure level can be shown graphically using

Answer 13

equal loudness curves

Question 14

Békésy’s place theory of hearing proposes that the frequency of a sound is

Answer 14

the place along the organ of Corti at which the nerve firing is highest

Question 15

Frequency can be coded by the firing rate at or near the peak of the sine-wave stimulus. This is called

Answer 15

phase locking

Question 16

As you increase the decibel level from 80 dB to 100 dB, the sound pressure ratio goes from _____ to ______.

Answer 16

10,000 to 100,000

Question 17

Kat wants to buy a “dog whistle” that her dog can hear but she can’t. She should get a whistle that emits sounds in the range between ____ and _____ Hz.

Answer 17

30,000; 40,000

Question 18

A piano tone played backwards will sound more likely an organ than a piano because

Answer 18

the tone’s original decay has become the attack, and vice versa

Question 19

The correct order of the ossicles in the middle ear (from ear drum to oval window) is

Answer 19

malleus; incus; stapes

Question 20

The sound quality that is related to the sounds clarity, “nasalness” or “reedy-ness” is

Answer 20

timbre

Question 21

The motion of the basilar membrane results in

Answer 21

movement of both the organ of Corti and the tectorial membrane

Question 22

The unit of measurement for sound wave frequency is

Answer 22

hertz

Question 23

Research supports that an infant’s ability to recognize the mother’s voice is due to

Answer 23

hearing the mother talk while in the womb

Question 24

The cochlear implant makes use of

Answer 24

the tonotopic map of frequencies on the cochlea

Question 25

The bending of the cilia of the ________ causes a release of small bursts of neurotransmitter.

Answer 25

inner hair cells

Question 26

_________ is the property of increasing pitch that accompanies increases in the tone’s frequency.

Answer 26

tone height

Question 27

A human tonotopic map shows that a receptor close to the apex will respond to a tone of ___ Hz.

Answer 27

60

Question 28

The wave form pattern of a pure tone is a(n)

Answer 28

sine wave

Question 29

DeCasper and Fifer used ______________ as the dependent variable to test if
two-day-old infants could identify the sound of the mother’s voice.

Answer 29

pattern of nipple sucking

Question 30

Kat wants to buy a “dog whistle” that her dog can hear but she can’t. She should get a whistle that emits sounds in the range between ____ and _____ Hz.

Answer 30

30,000; 40,000

Question 31

The outer ear consists of

Answer 31

the pinnae, the auditory canal, and the tympanic membrane

Question 32

Loudness of pure tones depends on frequency and sound pressure level can be shown graphically using

Answer 32

equal loudness curve

Question 33

The audibility curve of a 6-month-old infant

Answer 33

s similar to the audibility curve for an adult

Question 34

At their highest settings, MP3 players can reach _____ , which is ________ OSHA’s recommended maximum.

Answer 34

100; 15 db higher than

Question 35

The question “If a tree falls in a forest and no one is there to hear it, would there be a sound?” is useful because it highlights that “sound” can be

Answer 35

both a perceptual and physical stimulus

Question 36

Adding a 440 Hz tone to a 880 Hz tone and a 1320 Hz tone will result in

Answer 36

a complex tone