Chapter 8 Flashcards
Name the 3 functional classifications of a joint and their range of movement.
- synarthroses: no movement
- amphiarthroses: slight movement
- diarthroses: free movement
Name the 3 structural classifications of joints and what material surrounds them.
- fibrous - joint by fibrous cartilage
- cartilaginous - pad of cartilage
- synovial - inside fluid filled cavity
What type of joint is joined by connective tissue fibers and has no cavity? These joints allow little to no movement.
Fibrous joints
Name the 3 types of fibrous joints.
- sutures
- syndesmoses
- gomphoses
Give an example of a suture joint
joints between cranial bones
Give an example of a syndesmoses joint
distal tibiofibular joint
Give an example of a gomphoses joint
“peg in socket joint” - teeth anchored in jaw by periodontal ligament
What types of joints unite bones with cartilage and have no cavities?
cartilaganous
Name two types of cartilaganous joints.
- synchondroses
2. symphyses
Give an example of a synchondroses joint
epiphyseal plate, sternum and first ribs
How would you classify the synchondroses joint in terms of movement?
synarthrotic - no movement
Give an example of a symphyses joint
pubic symphysis
How would you classify the symphyses joint in terms of movement?
Amphiathrotic - limited movement
What types of joints are diarthrotic and include all limb joints and most joints of the body?
synovial
What covers the ends of bones in a synovial joint?
articular cartilage
What does a synovial joint cavity contain?
lubricating fluid
Describe the two layers of an articular joint capsule
- outer layer is dense irregular connective tissue
2. inner layer is synovial membrane
Synovial joints are rich in nerve and blood vessel supply. What do the nerve fibers do?
detect pain and monitor joint position and stretch
What do the capillary beds do in a synovial joint?
produce filtrate for synovial fluid
What are the fibrous sacs that ease movement of muscles, ligaments and tendons over the joint, reducing friction?
Bursae and tendon sheaths
What is the function of the fatty pads between fibrous capsule and bone?
cushion bone
What are the wedges or discs that stabilize the joint?
menisci
What are 3 factors affecting stability of synovial joints?
- shape
- number and location of ligaments
- muscle tone - reinforces joints
Name the 4 types of movements in synovial joints
- gliding
- angular movements
- rotation
- special movements
Name the 8 types of angular movements
HEAD CAPF
- hyperextension - extension beyond normal range
- extension - increases angle of the joint
- abduction - limb moves away from mid line
- dorsiflexion - raising top of foot toward shin
- circumduction - distal end moves in a circle
- adduction - limb moves toward the mid line
- plantar flexion - depressing toes
- flexion - decreases angle of the joint
Name two special movements of radius & ulna
supination - palm up
pronation - palm down
Name two special movements of foot
inversion - turn sole medially
eversion - turn sole laterally
Name two special movements of jaw
protraction - anterior movement
retraction - posterior movement
Name two special movements of the shoulders
elevation - lift superiorly - shrug
depression - lower inferiorly
Name a special movement of thumb and forefinger
opposition - tip of thumb touches finger tips
Name 6 types of synovial joints
- plane
- hinge
- pivot
- condyloid
- saddle
- ball and socket
What type of synovial joint has flat articular surfaces and has short gliding movements over each other and give an example.
plane joints - intercarpals
What type of joint provides motion along a single plane and has only flexion and extension movement? Give an example
hinge joints - elbow
What type of joint has a rounded end and conforms to a sleeve or ring of another bone? Give an example
pivot joing - between ulna and radius (radioulnar)
What type of joint has both articular surfaces oval and permit all angular movements? Give an example.
condyloid - metacarpals
What type of joint allows for greater freedom of movement than condyloid joints and each articular surface has concave and convex areas? Give an example.
saddle - thumb carpal/metacarpal
What type of joint is the most freely moving synovial joint? Give an example
ball and socket - hip, shoulder joint
Name 5 common synovial joints
- knee joint
- shoulder joint (glenohumeral)
- elbow joint
- hip joint (coxal)
- temporomandibular joint
Which synovial joint is the most complex?
knee
In the knee name the 3 joints surrounded by a single joint cavity
- femoropatellar joint (knee cap & femur)
2. lateral & medial tibiofemoral joints
What makes up the ball & socket joint of the shoulder?
head of humerous and glenoid fossa of the scapula
The glenoid fossa is shallow in the shoulder socket. What does this allow?
greater freedom of movement
What is the shoulder joint reinforced by?
ligaments and tendons
Explain what the ligaments and tendons function is in the shoulder.
- ligaments - help support weight of limb & strengthen joint
- tendons - anchor humerus to glenoid and encircle joint
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
hinge joint
Which bones articulate together in the elbow joint?
radius & ulna articulate with the humerus
What type of joint is the hip (coxal) joint?
ball & socket
What increases the stability of the hip (coxal) joint?
- deep socket
- labrum of acetabulum
- many reinforcing ligaments
Where is the temporomandibular joint located?
between the mandibular condyl and mandibular fossa of temperol
