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A&P > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 functional classifications of a joint and their range of movement.

A
  1. synarthroses: no movement
  2. amphiarthroses: slight movement
  3. diarthroses: free movement
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2
Q

Name the 3 structural classifications of joints and what material surrounds them.

A
  1. fibrous - joint by fibrous cartilage
  2. cartilaginous - pad of cartilage
  3. synovial - inside fluid filled cavity
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3
Q

What type of joint is joined by connective tissue fibers and has no cavity? These joints allow little to no movement.

A

Fibrous joints

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4
Q

Name the 3 types of fibrous joints.

A
  1. sutures
  2. syndesmoses
  3. gomphoses
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5
Q

Give an example of a suture joint

A

joints between cranial bones

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6
Q

Give an example of a syndesmoses joint

A

distal tibiofibular joint

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7
Q

Give an example of a gomphoses joint

A

“peg in socket joint” - teeth anchored in jaw by periodontal ligament

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8
Q

What types of joints unite bones with cartilage and have no cavities?

A

cartilaganous

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9
Q

Name two types of cartilaganous joints.

A
  1. synchondroses

2. symphyses

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10
Q

Give an example of a synchondroses joint

A

epiphyseal plate, sternum and first ribs

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11
Q

How would you classify the synchondroses joint in terms of movement?

A

synarthrotic - no movement

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12
Q

Give an example of a symphyses joint

A

pubic symphysis

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13
Q

How would you classify the symphyses joint in terms of movement?

A

Amphiathrotic - limited movement

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14
Q

What types of joints are diarthrotic and include all limb joints and most joints of the body?

A

synovial

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15
Q

What covers the ends of bones in a synovial joint?

A

articular cartilage

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16
Q

What does a synovial joint cavity contain?

A

lubricating fluid

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17
Q

Describe the two layers of an articular joint capsule

A
  1. outer layer is dense irregular connective tissue

2. inner layer is synovial membrane

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18
Q

Synovial joints are rich in nerve and blood vessel supply. What do the nerve fibers do?

A

detect pain and monitor joint position and stretch

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19
Q

What do the capillary beds do in a synovial joint?

A

produce filtrate for synovial fluid

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20
Q

What are the fibrous sacs that ease movement of muscles, ligaments and tendons over the joint, reducing friction?

A

Bursae and tendon sheaths

21
Q

What is the function of the fatty pads between fibrous capsule and bone?

A

cushion bone

22
Q

What are the wedges or discs that stabilize the joint?

A

menisci

23
Q

What are 3 factors affecting stability of synovial joints?

A
  1. shape
  2. number and location of ligaments
  3. muscle tone - reinforces joints
24
Q

Name the 4 types of movements in synovial joints

A
  1. gliding
  2. angular movements
  3. rotation
  4. special movements
25
Q

Name the 8 types of angular movements

A

HEAD CAPF

  1. hyperextension - extension beyond normal range
  2. extension - increases angle of the joint
  3. abduction - limb moves away from mid line
  4. dorsiflexion - raising top of foot toward shin
  5. circumduction - distal end moves in a circle
  6. adduction - limb moves toward the mid line
  7. plantar flexion - depressing toes
  8. flexion - decreases angle of the joint
26
Q

Name two special movements of radius & ulna

A

supination - palm up

pronation - palm down

27
Q

Name two special movements of foot

A

inversion - turn sole medially

eversion - turn sole laterally

28
Q

Name two special movements of jaw

A

protraction - anterior movement

retraction - posterior movement

29
Q

Name two special movements of the shoulders

A

elevation - lift superiorly - shrug

depression - lower inferiorly

30
Q

Name a special movement of thumb and forefinger

A

opposition - tip of thumb touches finger tips

31
Q

Name 6 types of synovial joints

A
  1. plane
  2. hinge
  3. pivot
  4. condyloid
  5. saddle
  6. ball and socket
32
Q

What type of synovial joint has flat articular surfaces and has short gliding movements over each other and give an example.

A

plane joints - intercarpals

33
Q

What type of joint provides motion along a single plane and has only flexion and extension movement? Give an example

A

hinge joints - elbow

34
Q

What type of joint has a rounded end and conforms to a sleeve or ring of another bone? Give an example

A

pivot joing - between ulna and radius (radioulnar)

35
Q

What type of joint has both articular surfaces oval and permit all angular movements? Give an example.

A

condyloid - metacarpals

36
Q

What type of joint allows for greater freedom of movement than condyloid joints and each articular surface has concave and convex areas? Give an example.

A

saddle - thumb carpal/metacarpal

37
Q

What type of joint is the most freely moving synovial joint? Give an example

A

ball and socket - hip, shoulder joint

38
Q

Name 5 common synovial joints

A
  1. knee joint
  2. shoulder joint (glenohumeral)
  3. elbow joint
  4. hip joint (coxal)
  5. temporomandibular joint
39
Q

Which synovial joint is the most complex?

A

knee

40
Q

In the knee name the 3 joints surrounded by a single joint cavity

A
  1. femoropatellar joint (knee cap & femur)

2. lateral & medial tibiofemoral joints

41
Q

What makes up the ball & socket joint of the shoulder?

A

head of humerous and glenoid fossa of the scapula

42
Q

The glenoid fossa is shallow in the shoulder socket. What does this allow?

A

greater freedom of movement

43
Q

What is the shoulder joint reinforced by?

A

ligaments and tendons

44
Q

Explain what the ligaments and tendons function is in the shoulder.

A
  1. ligaments - help support weight of limb & strengthen joint
  2. tendons - anchor humerus to glenoid and encircle joint
45
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

hinge joint

46
Q

Which bones articulate together in the elbow joint?

A

radius & ulna articulate with the humerus

47
Q

What type of joint is the hip (coxal) joint?

A

ball & socket

48
Q

What increases the stability of the hip (coxal) joint?

A
  1. deep socket
  2. labrum of acetabulum
  3. many reinforcing ligaments
49
Q

Where is the temporomandibular joint located?

A

between the mandibular condyl and mandibular fossa of temperol

A&P (11 decks)

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