Chapter 8 Flashcards
2 Types of Goals
1) Stated Goals 2) Real Goals
Official statements of what an organization says . What it wants its stakeholders to believe its goals are
Stated Goals
Goals that an organization actually pursues, as defined by the actions of its members
Real Goals
Plans that are Usually long-term, directional, and single-use
Strategic Plans
Plans that are Usually short-term, specific, and standing
Operational Plans
Plans with a time frame beyond three years
Long-term Plans
Plans covering one year or less
Short-term Plans
Any time period in between
Intermediate Plans
Plans that are clearly defined and leave no room for interpretation
Specific Plans
Plans that are flexible and set out general guidelines
Directional Plans
One-time plan
Single-Use Plan
Ongoing plans
Standing Plans
Goals set by top managers flow down through the organization
Traditional Goal-Setting
The accomplishment of goals at one level serves as the means for achieving the goals, or ends, at the next level
Means-ends Chain
A process of setting mutually agreed- upon goals and using those goals to evaluate employee performance
Management by Objectives
When uncertainty is high, plans should be specific, but flexible
Environmental Uncertainty
When Plans should extend far enough to meet those commitments made when the plans were developed.
Commitment Concept
When Planning is done entirely by top-level managers
Traditional Approach
Plans aren’t handed down from one level to the next, but instead are developed by organizational members at the various levels and in the various work units to meet their specific needs.
Another Approach
Involves screening information to detect emerging trends
Environmental Scanning
One of the fastest-growing forms of environmental scanning
Competitor Intelligence
Refers to a variety of data that managers can use to make more effective strategic decisions.
Business Intelligence
Refer to technology, systems, or software that allow the user to collect, visualize, understand, or analyze data.
Digital Tools
Methods to organize and summarize data for visual display
Data Visualization Tools
Refers to storing and accessing data on the Internet rather than on a computer’s hard drive or a company’s network
Cloud Computing
Allows everyday “things” to generate and store data about their own performance and share that information across the Internet.
Internet of Things
