Chapter 8

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

The stable and enduring pattern of relating to oneself and to the world

Question 2

Phrenologist

Answer 2

One who attempts to describe personality by feeling the bumps on a person’s skull

Question 3

Factor analysis

Answer 3

Mathematical technique to analyze a matrix of correlations to reduce dimensions and identify factors that may simplify the relationships

Question 4

Psychometrician

Answer 4

One who studies the measurement, assessment, and testing of psychological attributes

Question 5

Neuroticism

Answer 5

Personality factor associated with the tendency to experience negative emotions

Question 6

Extroversion

Answer 6

Personality factor associated with the tendency to be outgoing or socially gregarious

Question 7

Psychoticism

Answer 7

Personality factor associated with the tendency to show aggressiveness and interpersonal hostility

Question 8

Big Five

Answer 8

Dimensional model of personality that emphasizes the mixture of five main factors: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

Question 9

Openness to experience

Answer 9

Personality factor associated with a tendency to show imaginativeness, independence, and preference for variety

Question 10

Conscientiousness

Answer 10

Personality factor associated with a tendency to be organized, self-disciplined, and responsible

Question 11

Agreeableness

Answer 11

Personality factor associated with a tendency to be caring, helpful, and cooperative

Question 12

Ideas of reference

Answer 12

False interpretation of events in terms of special meaning for the self

Question 13

Psychopath

Answer 13

Antisocial personality involving characteristics such as lack of empathy or concern for others, frequent rule violations, impulsivity, and superficial charm

Question 14

Bibliotherapy

Answer 14

The use of selected written materials that may have particular life significance as an adjunct in psychotherapy