Chaper 10 Flashcards
What is the Freudian term for the anxiety-driven condition that results when id impulses threaten to overwhelm the ego?
Neurosis
What is the term for a severe psychological disturbance involving personality disorganization and loss of contact with reality?
Psychosis
What is the term for the use of a word because of its sound rather than its meaning?
Clanging
What do you call a new word that a speaker invents?
Neologism
What is the term for impoverished speech that conveys little information?
Alogia
What is the term for the repetition of words or phrases spoken by another person?
Echolalia
What is a false belief that is firmly held, contrary to evidence and the consensus of other people?
Delusion
What is the term for a sensation or perception in the absence of an external source?
Hallucination
What do you call the incorrect perception of sensory stimuli?
Illusion
What is the term for unusual movement or immobility associated with psychosis?
Catatonia
What is the refusal to speak called?
Mutism
What is the term for repetitively imitating the movements of others?
Echopraxia
What is the lack of range of emotions known as?
Affective flattening
What is the term for the loss of interest or pleasure in all aspects of life?
Anhedonia
What do you call the inability to initiate and complete goal-directed activities?
Avolition
What is an observable trait that can serve as a biomarker for a disorder?
Endophenotype
What is the theory that schizophrenia may be caused in utero by viral infection of the mother?
Viral risk hypothesis
What is the expression of criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement within family dynamics called?
Expressed emotion (EE)
Symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and grossly impaired speech or movements are considered what type of evidence of psychosis?
Direct or positive evidence
A person in a psychotic state may employ what term, which involves the use of a word not because of its meaning but because of its sound?
Clanging
If a patient keeps repeating everything that Dr. Napen asked, what condition are they presenting with?
Echolalia
If Robert believes that Beyoncé was in love with him, even though she has never met him, what type of delusion does he have?
Erotomanic delusion
Which of the following is not an example of catatonia: Grimacing, waxy flexibility, unpredictable movements, laughing?
Laughing
Who introduced the term schizophrenia in 1911 to refer to a split between thought processes and emotions?
Bleuler
What is the term for the difficulty in showing an interest in work or in completing goal-directed activities in schizophrenia?
Avolition
Brief psychotic disorder involves the sudden onset of at least one positive psychotic symptom that lasts more than what duration but does not persist more than what duration?
More than 1 day / not more than 1 month
What is the best estimate of the concordance rate for schizophrenia between monozygotic twins?
28%
Among the frequent side effects of heavy and prolonged use of what medication for schizophrenia are symptoms that resemble Parkinson’s disease?
Phenothiazines
Which groups in the United States show higher rates of schizophrenia than the general population?
A. rural residents
B. first- and second-generation immigrants
C. upper-middle class
D. all of the above
First- and second-generation immigrants
Schizophrenia, like what condition, may be a product of the long-term effects of severe trauma?
PTSD
What was the first medication used widely to treat schizophrenia?
Chlorpromazine
In delusional disorder, what occurs?
A. The person behaves relatively normally.
B. Delusions and hallucinations predominate.
C. Delusions usually include sensory misperceptions.
D. Disorganized speech is often the only obvious symptom.
The person behaves relatively normally.
Expressed emotion in families is thought to influence what aspect of patients with schizophrenia?
Probability of relapse
Cynthia was walking down the street and kept noticing messages in windows that were speaking directly to her. She thought they were telling her things to do. Cynthia‘s psychotic beliefs are most likely what type of delusion?
Delusions of reference.
MZ twins, without evidence of having shared a placenta show about _______ concordance for schizophrenia, while MZ twins, with the evidence of a shared placenta show _______ concordance.
10%; 60%
