Chapter 12 Vocabulary

Question 1

Psychoactive

Answer 1

Altering mood, perception, or brain function

Question 2

Analgesic

Answer 2

A drug that reduces pain

Question 3

Addiction

Answer 3

Chronic pattern of habitual maladaptive behavior, often experienced as compulsive and uncontrollable

Question 4

Tolerance

Answer 4

Need for increasing amounts of a substance to have the desired effect

Question 5

Withdrawal

Answer 5

Substance-specific psychological and physiological reaction to discontinuation of the substance

Question 6

Intoxication

Answer 6

A reversible impairment in behavior and cognition following ingestion of a substance

Question 7

What is a standard drink?

Answer 7

Standard ethanol content, or the amount of alcohol in 12.0 fl. oz. of 5% beer, 5.0 fl. oz. of 12% wine, or 1.5 fl. oz. of 80-proof liquor

Question 8

Cirrhosis

Answer 8

Degenerative chronic disease in which liver cells are replaced by scar tissue

Question 9

Confabulation

Answer 9

Filling gaps in memory with imaginary recollection

Question 10

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 10

Constellation of fetal abnormalities resulting from maternal alcohol use during pregnancy

Question 11

Stimulant

Answer 11

Drug that stimulates the central nervous system and produces wakefulness, alertness, and ability to concentrate

Question 12

Hallucinogen

Answer 12

Drug that produces marked changes in perception

Question 13

Flashback

Answer 13

Reexperiencing some of the symptoms of intoxication in the absence of recent ingestion

Question 14

Narcotic

Answer 14

Opiate drug that produces stupor and pain relief

Question 15

Depressant

Answer 15

Drug that depresses the central nervous system and produces drowsiness and sedation

Question 16

Agonist

Answer 16

Chemical that can substitute for another substance at receptor sites

Question 17

Antagonist

Answer 17

Chemical that blocks receptor sites for another substance

Question 18

Abstinence violation effect

Answer 18

The tendency of an abstainer to conclude that relapse indicates the failure of treatment

Question 19

Rule-governed behavior

Answer 19

Behavior that is controlled by the verbal description of a contingency rather than the contingency itself

Question 20

Gambler’s fallacy

Answer 20

The inaccurate belief that past losses alter the future likelihood of a win