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BIO 235 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

pectoral (shoulder) girdles

A

2 of them. that attach the bones of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton by a series of muscles

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2
Q

Clavicle

A

Also known as collarbone. The bone is S-shaped because the medial half is convex anteriorly (curves toward you when viewed
in the anatomical position), and the lateral half is concave anteriorly (curves away from you). Rougher and more curved in males.

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3
Q

Scapula

A

Also known as shoulder blade. large, triangular, flat bone situated in the superior part of the posterior thorax between the levels of the second and seventh ribs.

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4
Q

The lateral end of the spine projects
as a flattened, expanded process called the:

A

Acromion

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5
Q

Upper Limb

A

has 30 bones in three locations— (1) the humerus in the arm; (2) the ulna and radius in the forearm; and (3) the 8 carpals in the carpus (wrist), the 5 metacarpals in the metacarpus (palm), and the 14 phalanges (bones of the digits) in the hand

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6
Q

Humerus

A

Also known as arm bone. is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb.

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7
Q

The greater tubercle

A

lateral projection distal to the anatomical neck.

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8
Q

lesser tubercle

A

projects anteriorly.

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9
Q

Laterally, at the middle portion of the shaft, there is a roughened, V-shaped area called the:

A

deltoid tuberosity

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10
Q

The trochlea

A

located medial to the capitulum, is a spool-shaped surface that articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna.

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11
Q

The olecranon fossa

A

is a large posterior depression that receives the olecranon of the ulna when the forearm is extended (straightened).

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12
Q

medial epicondyle and lateral epicondyle

A

rough projections on either side of the distal end of the humerus to which the tendons of most muscles of the forearm are attached.

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13
Q

The Ulna

A

located on the medial aspect (the little-finger side) of the forearm and is longer than the radius. Remember- P.U. ‘Pinky is on the Ulna side’

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14
Q

Radius

A

the smaller bone of the forearm and is located on the lateral aspect (thumb side) of the forearm. The radius is narrow at its proximal end and widens at its distal end.

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15
Q

Carpals

A

is the proximal region of the hand and
consists of eight small bones, the carpals, joined to one another by
ligaments.

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16
Q

Carpus

A

the proximal region of the hand and
consists of eight small bones, the carpals

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17
Q

The carpals in the
proximal row, from lateral to medial, are the

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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18
Q

What is the largest Carpal bone?

A

Capitate

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19
Q

Metacarpus

A

or palm, is the intermediate region of the hand and consists of five bones called metacarpals.

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20
Q

Each metacarpal bone consists of:

A

proximal base, an intermediate body, and a distal head

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21
Q

Phalanges

A

or bones of the digits, make up the distal part of the hand. There are 14 phalanges in the five digits of each hand.

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22
Q

Each phalanx consists of:

A

a proximal base, an intermediate body, and a distal head

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23
Q

The thumb (pollex) has two phalanges called:

A

proximal and distal phalanges

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24
Q

The other four digits have three phalanges called:

A

proximal, middle, and distal phalanges

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25
Q

The pelvic (hip) girdle consists of:

A

the two hip bones, also called coxal or pelvic bones

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26
Q

The hip bones unite anteriorly at a joint called the:

A

pubic symphysis

27
Q

The complete ring composed of the hip bones, pubic symphysis, sacrum, and coccyx forms a deep, basinlike structure called the:

A

bony pelvis

28
Q

Ilium

A

the largest of the three components of the hip bone.

29
Q

Ischium

A

the inferior, posterior portion of the hip
bone.

30
Q

Features of the ischium include the prominent ischial spine, a lesser sciatic notch below the spine, and a rough and thickened:

A

ischial tuberosity

31
Q

Pubis

A

meaning pubic bone, is the anterior and inferior part of the hip bone.

32
Q

pectineal line

A

extends superiorly and laterally along the superior ramus to merge with the arcuate line of the ilium. These lines are important landmarks for distinguishing the superior (false) and inferior (true) portions of the bony pelvis.

33
Q

pubic symphysis

A

joint between the two pubes of the hip
bones. It consists of a disc of fibrocartilage.

34
Q

The acetabulum

A

is a deep fossa
formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis. It functions as the socket that accepts the rounded head of the femur.

35
Q

The bony pelvis is divided into superior and inferior portions by boundary called the:

A

Pelvic Brim

36
Q

The portion of the bony pelvis superior to the pelvic inlet is referred to as the:

A

greater (false) pelvis

37
Q

The portion of the bony pelvis inferior to the pelvic inlet is the:

A

lesser (true) pelvis

38
Q

The superior
opening of the true pelvis, bordered by the pelvic brim, is called the:

A

pelvic inlet

39
Q

the inferior opening of the true pelvis is the:

A

Pelvic outlet

40
Q

pelvic axis

A

is an imaginary line that curves through the lesser pelvis from the central point of the plane of the pelvic inlet to the central point of the plane of the pelvic outlet.

41
Q

lower limb

A

has 30 bones in four locations—(1) the femur in the thigh; (2) the patella (kneecap); (3) the tibia and fibula in the leg; and (4) the 7 tarsals in the tarsus (ankle), the 5 metatarsals in the metatarsus, and the 14 phalanges (bones of the digits) in the foot

42
Q

Femur

A

Thigh bone. is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body.

43
Q

The greater
trochanter and lesser trochanter

A

are projections from
the junction of the neck and shaft that serve as points of attachment for the tendons of some of the thigh and buttock muscles.

44
Q

Patella

A

is a small, triangular bone located anterior to the knee joint.

45
Q

Tibia

A

or shin bone, is the larger, medial, weight-bearing
bone of the leg

46
Q

The proximal end of the tibia is expanded into a:

A

lateral condyle and
a medial condyle.

47
Q

Fibula

A

parallel and lateral to the tibia, but it is
considerably smaller. the fibula does not articulate with the femur, but it does help stabilize the ankle joint.

48
Q

The distal end of the fibula is more arrowhead shaped and has a projection called:

A

the lateral malleolus

49
Q

Tarsus

A

(Ankle) is the proximal region of the foot and consists of seven tarsal bones.

50
Q

Seven Tarsal Bones

A

Talus, Calaneus, navicular,
3 cuneiform bones, and the cuboid

51
Q

Talus

A

Ankle Bone

52
Q

Calaneus

A

heel- largest and strongest tarsal bone

53
Q

3 types of cuneiforms

A

medial, intermediate and lateral

54
Q

metatarsus

A

the intermediate region of the foot. Consists of 5 metatarsal bones

55
Q

Phalanges

A

comprise the distal component of the foot and
resemble those of the hand both in number and arrangement.

56
Q

The Great toe has how many phalanges?

A

2 large, heavy phalanges

57
Q

The other 4 toes have how many phalanges

A

3

58
Q

The bones of the foot are arranged in two

A

Arches. that are held in position by ligaments and tendons

59
Q

The longitudinal arch

A

has two parts, both of which consist of tarsal and metatarsal bones arranged to form an arch from the anterior to the posterior part of the foot.

60
Q

The medial part of the longitudinal arch:

A

rises to the talus and descends through the navicular, the three cuneiforms, and the heads of the three medial metatarsals.

61
Q

The lateral part

A

It rises at the cuboid and descends to the heads of the two lateral metatarsals.

62
Q

The transverse arch

A

found between the medial and lateral aspects of the foot and is formed by the navicular, three cuneiforms, and the bases of the five metatarsals.

63
Q
A

BIO 235 (10 decks)

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