Chapter 8

Question 1

pectoral (shoulder) girdles

Answer 1

2 of them. that attach the bones of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton by a series of muscles

Question 2

Clavicle

Answer 2

Also known as collarbone. The bone is S-shaped because the medial half is convex anteriorly (curves toward you when viewed
in the anatomical position), and the lateral half is concave anteriorly (curves away from you). Rougher and more curved in males.

Question 3

Scapula

Answer 3

Also known as shoulder blade. large, triangular, flat bone situated in the superior part of the posterior thorax between the levels of the second and seventh ribs.

Question 4

The lateral end of the spine projects
as a flattened, expanded process called the:

Answer 4

Acromion

Question 5

Upper Limb

Answer 5

has 30 bones in three locations— (1) the humerus in the arm; (2) the ulna and radius in the forearm; and (3) the 8 carpals in the carpus (wrist), the 5 metacarpals in the metacarpus (palm), and the 14 phalanges (bones of the digits) in the hand

Question 6

Humerus

Answer 6

Also known as arm bone. is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb.

Question 7

The greater tubercle

Answer 7

lateral projection distal to the anatomical neck.

Question 8

lesser tubercle

Answer 8

projects anteriorly.

Question 9

Laterally, at the middle portion of the shaft, there is a roughened, V-shaped area called the:

Answer 9

deltoid tuberosity

Question 10

The trochlea

Answer 10

located medial to the capitulum, is a spool-shaped surface that articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna.

Question 11

The olecranon fossa

Answer 11

is a large posterior depression that receives the olecranon of the ulna when the forearm is extended (straightened).

Question 12

medial epicondyle and lateral epicondyle

Answer 12

rough projections on either side of the distal end of the humerus to which the tendons of most muscles of the forearm are attached.

Question 13

The Ulna

Answer 13

located on the medial aspect (the little-finger side) of the forearm and is longer than the radius. Remember- P.U. ‘Pinky is on the Ulna side’

Question 14

Radius

Answer 14

the smaller bone of the forearm and is located on the lateral aspect (thumb side) of the forearm. The radius is narrow at its proximal end and widens at its distal end.

Question 15

Carpals

Answer 15

is the proximal region of the hand and
consists of eight small bones, the carpals, joined to one another by
ligaments.

Question 16

Carpus

Answer 16

the proximal region of the hand and
consists of eight small bones, the carpals

Question 17

The carpals in the
proximal row, from lateral to medial, are the

Answer 17

Scaphoid, Lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 18

What is the largest Carpal bone?

Answer 18

Capitate

Question 19

Metacarpus

Answer 19

or palm, is the intermediate region of the hand and consists of five bones called metacarpals.

Question 20

Each metacarpal bone consists of:

Answer 20

proximal base, an intermediate body, and a distal head

Question 21

Phalanges

Answer 21

or bones of the digits, make up the distal part of the hand. There are 14 phalanges in the five digits of each hand.

Question 22

Each phalanx consists of:

Answer 22

a proximal base, an intermediate body, and a distal head

Question 23

The thumb (pollex) has two phalanges called:

Answer 23

proximal and distal phalanges

Question 24

The other four digits have three phalanges called:

Answer 24

proximal, middle, and distal phalanges

Question 25

The pelvic (hip) girdle consists of:

Answer 25

the two hip bones, also called coxal or pelvic bones

Question 26

The hip bones unite anteriorly at a joint called the:

Answer 26

pubic symphysis

Question 27

The complete ring composed of the hip bones, pubic symphysis, sacrum, and coccyx forms a deep, basinlike structure called the:

Answer 27

bony pelvis

Question 28

Ilium

Answer 28

the largest of the three components of the hip bone.

Question 29

Ischium

Answer 29

the inferior, posterior portion of the hip bone.

Question 30

Features of the ischium include the prominent ischial spine, a lesser sciatic notch below the spine, and a rough and thickened:

Answer 30

ischial tuberosity

Question 31

Pubis

Answer 31

meaning pubic bone, is the anterior and inferior part of the hip bone.

Question 32

pectineal line

Answer 32

extends superiorly and laterally along the superior ramus to merge with the arcuate line of the ilium. These lines are important landmarks for distinguishing the superior (false) and inferior (true) portions of the bony pelvis.

Question 33

pubic symphysis

Answer 33

joint between the two pubes of the hip bones. It consists of a disc of fibrocartilage.

Question 34

The acetabulum

Answer 34

is a deep fossa formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis. It functions as the socket that accepts the rounded head of the femur.

Question 35

The bony pelvis is divided into superior and inferior portions by boundary called the:

Answer 35

Pelvic Brim

Question 36

The portion of the bony pelvis superior to the pelvic inlet is referred to as the:

Answer 36

greater (false) pelvis

Question 37

The portion of the bony pelvis inferior to the pelvic inlet is the:

Answer 37

lesser (true) pelvis

Question 38

The superior opening of the true pelvis, bordered by the pelvic brim, is called the:

Answer 38

pelvic inlet

Question 39

the inferior opening of the true pelvis is the:

Answer 39

Pelvic outlet

Question 40

pelvic axis

Answer 40

is an imaginary line that curves through the lesser pelvis from the central point of the plane of the pelvic inlet to the central point of the plane of the pelvic outlet.

Question 41

lower limb

Answer 41

has 30 bones in four locations—(1) the femur in the thigh; (2) the patella (kneecap); (3) the tibia and fibula in the leg; and (4) the 7 tarsals in the tarsus (ankle), the 5 metatarsals in the metatarsus, and the 14 phalanges (bones of the digits) in the foot

Question 42

Femur

Answer 42

Thigh bone. is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body.

Question 43

The greater trochanter and lesser trochanter

Answer 43

are projections from the junction of the neck and shaft that serve as points of attachment for the tendons of some of the thigh and buttock muscles.

Question 44

Patella

Answer 44

is a small, triangular bone located anterior to the knee joint.

Question 45

Tibia

Answer 45

or shin bone, is the larger, medial, weight-bearing bone of the leg

Question 46

The proximal end of the tibia is expanded into a:

Answer 46

lateral condyle and a medial condyle.

Question 47

Fibula

Answer 47

parallel and lateral to the tibia, but it is considerably smaller. the fibula does not articulate with the femur, but it does help stabilize the ankle joint.

Question 48

The distal end of the fibula is more arrowhead shaped and has a projection called:

Answer 48

the lateral malleolus

Question 49

Tarsus

Answer 49

(Ankle) is the proximal region of the foot and consists of seven tarsal bones.

Question 50

Seven Tarsal Bones

Answer 50

Talus, Calaneus, navicular, 3 cuneiform bones, and the cuboid

Question 51

Talus

Answer 51

Ankle Bone

Question 52

Calaneus

Answer 52

heel- largest and strongest tarsal bone

Question 53

3 types of cuneiforms

Answer 53

medial, intermediate and lateral

Question 54

metatarsus

Answer 54

the intermediate region of the foot. Consists of 5 metatarsal bones

Question 55

Phalanges

Answer 55

comprise the distal component of the foot and resemble those of the hand both in number and arrangement.

Question 56

The Great toe has how many phalanges?

Answer 56

2 large, heavy phalanges

Question 57

The other 4 toes have how many phalanges

Answer 57

3

Question 58

The bones of the foot are arranged in two

Answer 58

Arches. that are held in position by ligaments and tendons

Question 59

The longitudinal arch

Answer 59

has two parts, both of which consist of tarsal and metatarsal bones arranged to form an arch from the anterior to the posterior part of the foot.

Question 60

The medial part of the longitudinal arch:

Answer 60

rises to the talus and descends through the navicular, the three cuneiforms, and the heads of the three medial metatarsals.

Question 61

The lateral part

Answer 61

It rises at the cuboid and descends to the heads of the two lateral metatarsals.

Question 62

The transverse arch

Answer 62

found between the medial and lateral aspects of the foot and is formed by the navicular, three cuneiforms, and the bases of the five metatarsals.