Chapter 8 Flashcards
What is the first law of Thermodynamics?
Energy can be transferred and transformed but cannot be created or destoryed
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Every energy transfer/transformed increases the entropy of the universe.
What is Metabolism?
the totality of an organisms chemical reaction
What is catabolism and what does it do?
It is a breakdown process that breaks large molecules into smaller ones through an exergonic reaction
What is anabolism and what does it do?
It is a building/synthesizing process; brings up monomers to make polymers through an endogonic reaction
What is energy?
The capacity to cause change
What is Thermal Energy?
Kinetic energy + random movement of particles ; Heat
What is Chemical Energy?
The avaiable energy that can be used
What is Thermodynamics?
The study of energy transformations
What is entropy?
it refers to the disorderliness in the universe
What process can occur without energy?
A spontaneous process
What process needs energy to occur?
A non-spontaneous process
What is free energy?
energy that can do work when temperature and pressure are uniformed
What is an exergonic reaction?
releases energy
What is an Endergonic reaction?
absorbs energy
What reaction uses a non-spontaneous process?
Endergonic reaction
What reaction uses a spontaneous process?
Exergonic reaction
What does Pi refer to?
An inorganic phosphate
What happens when ATP goes through hydrolysis?
It becomes ADP with an inorganic phosphate
What is activation energy?
The initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction
Why are enzymes needed?
Cells try to save more energy so enzymes are needed so that cells give up energy to make more cells
What is an enzyme’s substrate?
The reactant that the enzyme is on
What is an enzyme-substrate complex?
When the enzyme bunds to its substrate
What is the active site?
Where on the enzyme that the substrate binds
