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Bio-181 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

This holds genetic information

A

Genome

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2
Q

Where are all the DNA molecules packed in?

A

Chromosomes

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3
Q

How many chromosomes do Somatic cells have?

A

46

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4
Q

How many chromosomes do Gametes have?

A

23

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5
Q

What are the stages of Interphase?

A

G1, S, G2

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6
Q

What happens in G1 of Interphase?

A

metabolic activity and growth

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7
Q

What happens in S stage of Interphase?

A

DNA synthesis (chromosomes are duplicated)

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8
Q

What happens in G2 stage of Interphase?

A

Preparation for Cell division

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9
Q

What are the stages of Mitosis in order

A

Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

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10
Q

What stage of Interphase does the cell grow?

A

All three of them

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11
Q

What is the specialized protein and when is it used?

A

Kinetochore; used during Prometaphase

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12
Q

What is it called when the kinetochore is attached to the microtubule?

A

Kinetochore microtubules

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13
Q

What do nonkinetochore microtubules do?

A

They interact with the opposite pole of the spindle

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14
Q

What happens in Prophase of Mitosis?

A

Mitotic spindles form and centrosomes move to each pole

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15
Q

What happens in Prometaphase of Mitosis?

A

Kinetochore microtubules attach to each chromatid

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16
Q

What happens in Metaphase of Mitosis?

A

The centrosomes are at each pole and the chromosomes are lined up in the middle

17
Q

What happens in Anaphase of Mitosis?

A

The sister chromatids split to each side of the cell as the microtubules shorten

18
Q

What happens in Telophase of Mitosis?

A

Nuclei and Nucleoli form and the cell divides

19
Q

What is Cytokinesis?

A

The division of cytoplasm

20
Q

What is the enzyme used in Anaphase and what is it used for?

A

Separase ; for cleaving the cohesins

21
Q

What do Cancer cells not have?

A

density-dependent inhibition

22
Q

Where are the checkpoints?

A

G1, G2, S, M

23
Q

What does G1 checkpoint look for?

A

the presence of growth factors and size of cell

24
Q

What does S checkpoint look for?

A

If the DNA is intact or damaged

25
Q

What does G2 checkpoint look for?

A

If DNA replicated correctly

26
Q

What does the M (metaphase) checkpoint look for?

A

If the chromosomes are attached to the microtubules

27
Q

What is metastasis?

A

When malignant grows at a different site of where the cancer is

Bio-181 (15 decks)

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