Chapter 12 Flashcards
This holds genetic information
Genome
Where are all the DNA molecules packed in?
Chromosomes
How many chromosomes do Somatic cells have?
46
How many chromosomes do Gametes have?
23
What are the stages of Interphase?
G1, S, G2
What happens in G1 of Interphase?
metabolic activity and growth
What happens in S stage of Interphase?
DNA synthesis (chromosomes are duplicated)
What happens in G2 stage of Interphase?
Preparation for Cell division
What are the stages of Mitosis in order
Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
What stage of Interphase does the cell grow?
All three of them
What is the specialized protein and when is it used?
Kinetochore; used during Prometaphase
What is it called when the kinetochore is attached to the microtubule?
Kinetochore microtubules
What do nonkinetochore microtubules do?
They interact with the opposite pole of the spindle
What happens in Prophase of Mitosis?
Mitotic spindles form and centrosomes move to each pole
What happens in Prometaphase of Mitosis?
Kinetochore microtubules attach to each chromatid
What happens in Metaphase of Mitosis?
The centrosomes are at each pole and the chromosomes are lined up in the middle
What happens in Anaphase of Mitosis?
The sister chromatids split to each side of the cell as the microtubules shorten
What happens in Telophase of Mitosis?
Nuclei and Nucleoli form and the cell divides
What is Cytokinesis?
The division of cytoplasm
What is the enzyme used in Anaphase and what is it used for?
Separase ; for cleaving the cohesins
What do Cancer cells not have?
density-dependent inhibition
Where are the checkpoints?
G1, G2, S, M
What does G1 checkpoint look for?
the presence of growth factors and size of cell
What does S checkpoint look for?
If the DNA is intact or damaged
