chapter 8 Flashcards
What is autobiographical memory?
Memory from our life events that include episodic and semantic components
Study by roberto cabeza
had students take pics of different locations then measured brain activity when students their own photos along with similar photos of other people.
What part of the brain did Roberto’s cabeza study measure? 4 parts
Medial temporal lobe, parietal cortex, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus
what is self-image hypothesis
idea that our memory is enhanced when our self-image or identity is being formed.
reminiscence bump
the idea that people over 40 have better memory from events in their adolescence and early adulthood. usually from 10 to 30 years.
Cognitive hypothesis
periods of rapid change followed by stability allows us to encode our memories better.
explanations for reminiscence bump
1 self image - period person assumes self image 2 cognitive encoding is better during periods of rapid change 3 cultural life script culturally shaped expectations structure recall
cultural life script
culturally expected events that occur in a particular time in the life span
youth bias
belief that our most public memories happen to occur when we are young.
kevin labar & elizabeth phelps test
tested participants recall to recall arousing sexually explicit or profanity words compared to neutral words. people remembered arousing words far better than neutral words
larry cahill test
had participants see neural and arousing pics, one group stress group placed their hands in ice cold water releases cortisol, other group placed hands in warm water. stress group remembered arousing picture better
flashbulb memory
refers to the way a person remembers a shocking highly charged event.It is how a person heard a memory instead of the event itself.
Neisser and Harsch study
studied flashbulb memory immediately tested people’s memory of the challenger event, later after 3 years their memory was tested again. the location in which people describe seeing the news changed over time.
narrative rehearsal hypothesis
idea that we remember emotionally charged events we hear about because we rehearse what these events after they happened
James ost study importance how tv impacts memory
asked people of a tragic event and asked a misleading question did you see the footage of the crash? people answered yes but there was no actual footage of the crash just the news covering the event of the crash.Tv can capture people’s memory greatly.
constructive nature of memory
is what people report as their memories of things that happened plus additional factors like experiences prior knowledge and expectations
source monitoring
the process of determining the origin of our knowledge experiences or beliefs
illusionary truth effect
the enhanced probability of evaluating a statement as being true upon repeating it again.
fluency
the ease in which a statement can be remembered influences people’s judgements
Bartlett test 1932
tested people’s constructive memory by having the read a canadian indian folklore, wanted to see how a culturally different stoy would effect people’s memory.
repeated reproduction
remembering of a story or event at longer and longer intervals after they had originally started
schema
a persons knowledge about some aspect of the environment
script
our conception of the sequence of actions that usually occurs during a particular experience
The Misinformation effect
misleading information presented after a person witnesses an event can change how the person describes the event later
misleading postevent information MPI
Misleading info that leads to misinformation effect is called misleading postevent information
Loftus and palmer
Showed participants a picture of a car crashed and ask participants two questions how fast the cars were the cars going when they smashed, or hit into each other. one later the questions was asked was there broken glass 32 percent answered yes then heard the word smash compared to 14 person who heard hit.
eyewitness testimony
testimony by someone who has witnessed a crime
post identification feedback
increased confidence due to confirming feedback after making an identification
cognitive interview
allow witnesses to talk with minimal interruption and use techniques that help them recall the situation they were in emotions felt, where was their gaze how the scene by be different from a new view point
