chapter 12 problem solving

Question 1

problem

Answer 1

when there is an obstacle in your way and the answer is not immediately obvious

Question 2

gestalt approaches

Answer 2

how do people represent a problem in their mind 2 how solving a problem involves a reorganization or restructuring of this representation.

Question 3

insight

Answer 3

any sudden comprehension realization or problem solution that involves a reorganization of a person’s mental representation of a stimulus situation or event to yield an answer that was not initially obvious.

Question 4

functional fixedness

Answer 4

an effect that occurs when the ideas a person has about an objects function inhibit the persons ability to use the object for a different function

Question 5

initial state

Answer 5

the very beginning of a problem

Question 6

goal state

Answer 6

the condition that has been created after a problem was solved

Question 7

operators

Answer 7

conditions that must be met or permissible moves in order to solve the problem takes the problem from one state to another.

Question 8

Information processing system

Answer 8

The mind is described as a processing system which deals with info through a sequence of states input encode and output

Question 9

intermediate states

Answer 9

the various conditions that exist along the pathways between initial and goal states

Question 10

problem space

Answer 10

the initial state goal state and all the possible intermediate states for a particular problem

Question 11

means-end analysis

Answer 11

a way of solving the problem which the goal is to reduce the difference between the initial state and goal state

Question 12

sub goals

Answer 12

small steps that can be taken in order to get closer to the overarching goal solve the solution.

Question 13

think aloud protocol

Answer 13

as you are solving a problem state aloud your thinking process without repeating what you are doing.

Question 14

analogy

Answer 14

making a comparison to show similarity between two different things.

Question 15

duncker radiation problem

Answer 15

involves finding ways to destroy the tumor wihtout damaging the other organs in the body.

Question 16

analogical problem solving

Answer 16

the use of analogies to solve problems, solution to one problem the source problem is presented that is analogous to the solution of another problem

Question 17

Three steps to analogical problem solving techniques

Answer 17

1 notice there is a relationship between the source problem and target problem 2 map and organize the similar parts from both analogies together 3 apply the organization similarities of both analogies to the source problem.

Question 18

problem solving processes by basadur

Answer 18