Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BI 211 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolism

A

Collection of controlled biochemical reactions that take place within cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Metabolic pathway

A

The coordinated series of chemical reactions on which the product from one reaction becomes the substrate for another reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate. Energy carrying molecule found in all cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Catabolism

A

Breaking larger molecules into smaller products (exergonic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anabolism

A

Builds large molecules from the smaller products of catabolism. Endergonic (requires more energy than released)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Exergonic

A

Releases energy. Catabolism. -free energy. Reactants are greater than products.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Endergonic

A

Require more energy than they release. Anabolism. +free energy. Products are greater than reactants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Oxidation

A

Oxidation
Is
Loss of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Reduction reactions (redox)

A

Redox
Is
Gain of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Electron donor

A

Release electrons during cellular respiration, release energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Electron acceptor

A

Accepts electrons transported by another compound. Oxygen is the final electron receptor in the electron transport chain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Oxidation redox reactions

A

Oxidation is loss of electrons, gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen. Reduction is gain of electrons, loss of oxygen or gain or hydrogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

NAD +

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. (NAD+➡️NADH). Coenzyme, electron/hydrogen acceptor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

FAD

A

Flavin adenine dinucleotide. (FAD➡️FADH2). Electron/hydrogen acceptor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

NADH

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H). NAD+➡️NADH. Electron carrier.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

FADH2

A

Flavin adenine dinucleotide. FAD➡️FADH2. Electron carrier.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Inorganic phosphate is added to substrate

18
Q

Substrate-level phosphorylation

A

Pi comes from other compound.

19
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

Redox reaction, e.g. cellular respiration.

20
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The process of converting glucose into a form of energy (ATP) that is useable by cells.

21
Q

Fermentation

A

Anaerobic respiration. Extraction of energy from carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen.

22
Q

Reactant

A

a substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction.

23
Q

Product

A

a substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction.

24
Q

Glycolysis

A

Splitting of six carbon glucose into three-carbon sugar molecules. Occurs in cytoplasm.

25
Q

Pyruvic acid

A

produced by breaking down carbohydrates and sugars (glycolysis). If oxygen is available, pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl coenzyme A that enters the Krebs cycle.

26
Q

Synthesis of acetyl-coA

A

Pyruvate—three carbons—is converted to acetyl CoA, a two-carbon molecule attached to coenzyme A. Occurs in mitochondria.

27
Q

Citric acid cycle

A

Transfers energy from acetyl-CoA (oxidized) to coenzymes NAD+ and FAD (reduced). Occurs in mitochondria.

28
Q

Electron transport train

A

Chain of several electron transport molecules; electrons are passed along chain; released energy is used to form a proton gradient; ATP is synthesized as protons diffuse down gradient, oxygen is final electron acceptor. (Occurs in mitochondria).

29
Q

Carrier molecules

A

Pass electrons from one to another to final electron acceptor

30
Q

Final electron acceptor

A

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in an electron transport chain

31
Q

Proton gradient

A

Energy from electrons used to pump protons (H+) across the membrane

32
Q

Electronegativity

A

a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons toward itself.

33
Q

ATP synthase

A

mitochondrial enzyme localized in the inner membrane, where it catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate.

34
Q

Chemiosmosis

A

The movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient

35
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor

36
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Molecule other than oxygen serves as final electron acceptor

37
Q

Fermentation

A

the extraction of energy from carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen

38
Q

Alcohol fermentation

A

process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.

39
Q

Lactic acid fermentation

A

the type of anaerobic respiration carried out by yogurt bacteria (Lactobacillus and others) and by your own muscle cells when you work them hard and fast.

40
Q

Metabolite

A

A substance made or used when the body breaks down food, drugs or chemicals, or its own tissue

BI 211 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions