Chapter 8

Question 1

____ is precipitated by recognizing that a problem, either small or large, exists that needs to be addressed.

Answer 1

planning

Question 2

Planning can also be defined by the approaches used and they are sometimes referred to by the acronym___

Answer 2

SITAR Synoptic Incremental Transactive Advocacy Radical

Question 3

The ___ approach is the underlying assumption is that things will continue to be as they are and it will be “business as usual.”

Answer 3

inactive planning

Question 4

___ is in reaction to problems that have recently occurred and are being addressed or are presently happening and require an immediate response.

Answer 4

Reactive planning

Question 5

___ is centered on the future, attempting to

predict changes in the larger environment.

Answer 5

Pre-active planning

Question 6

___ is when agencies attempt to change anticipated future events that are likely to occur.

Answer 6

proactive

Question 7

The ___ had four steps: (1) goal setting, (2) identification of alternatives, (3) evaluation of the means against the end, and (4) implementation of decision

Answer 7

synoptic model

Question 8

A ___ should be stated in terms that allow progress toward it to be measurable

Answer 8

goal

Question 9

The Decision Matrix was developed by ___

Answer 9

Stuart Pugh

Question 10

___ requires comparing what actually happened with what was planned for

Answer 10

Evaluation

Question 11

This includes formulation of the department’s mission statement, values, goals, and policies and procedures:

Answer 11

Management Plans

Question 12

___ are the guidelines for

the action to be taken under specific circumstances.

Answer 12

Procedural plans

Question 13

___ are usually short and terse, giving both direction and time constraints in accomplishing a given task.

Answer 13

Operational plans

Question 14

___ involve planning for emergencies of a specific nature at known locations.

Answer 14

Tactical plans

Question 15

The first officers on scene must form___, make entry, and immediately begin searching for the shooter, moving as quickly, but prudently, as possible.

Answer 15

active shooter teams

Question 16

It is a disciplined effort that produces fundamental decisions and actions that shape and guide what an organization is, who it serves, what it does, and why it does it.

Answer 16

Strategic plans

Question 17

Rather than making sweeping changes, decisions, plans, and policies are changed by making small,
successive incremental changes to them, tending to promote the status quo.

Answer 17

muddling through

Question 18

Lindblom’s ___ asserts that decision making is serial

Answer 18

incremental model

Question 19

Gore presented a ___ , appropriately referred to as “the gut-level approach,” when considering action that may be taken.

Answer 19

heuristic model

Question 20

___ distinguishes itself by focusing more on the assessment of the situation, its dynamics, and the experience of the decision maker.

Answer 20

Recognition-Primed Decision Making (RPD)

Question 21

The ___ states that, in situations where
snap decisions are required, decisions can often be the best, particularly when paired with training and
expertise.

Answer 21

thin-slicing theory

Question 22

In the early ___ some federal government agencies began using “modern” mainframe computers.

Answer 22

1960s,

Question 23

Taking advantage of computer applications available now is particularly crucial to the future of ___ and the research of the smart policing initiative.

Answer 23

intelligence-led/predictive policing

Question 24

Together, the three sub-fields of ___ gives the police powerful tools to quickly and efficiently examine staffing patterns and needs

Answer 24

decision support

Question 25

When using a decision tree model, the ___ for various outcomes are calculated for each branch of the tree.

Answer 25

probabilities

Question 26

The application, collection, and analysis of

data from decision making within the organization are called ___.

Answer 26

operations research

Question 27

When a decision maker is faced with an emotionally consequential, no-win choice, how he or she copes with the problem depends on two major factors:

Answer 27

hope and time.

Question 28

When the decision maker has control of time and has hope that conciliation is possible, that person’s efforts are more likely to follow the desired pattern of the ___

Answer 28

vigilant decision maker.

Question 29

When the decision maker loses hope for a peaceful

outcome, the decision maker enters the downward spiral of ___

Answer 29

“defensive avoidance.”

Question 30

The sum of information in a___ is always greater than any one of its members.

Answer 30

group

Question 31

Group participation in forging a decision

increases its ___ and implementation

Answer 31

acceptance

Question 32

The chances for ___ are reduced greatly when the individuals who must work together in executing a decision have participated in making it.

Answer 32

communication breakdowns

Question 33

___, whether it’s articulated or unspoken, is major force for increasing conformity.

Answer 33

Peer pressure

Question 34

___ is a psychological phenomenon that most often occurs in cohesive groups that are isolated from other political and decision-making bodies.

Answer 34

Groupthink

Question 35

Discussion sometimes leads to ___and fosters short-lived hard feelings among the command staff.

Answer 35

strong disagreement

Question 36

In general, ___ is required for a group to reach a decision than for an individual to reach one.

Answer 36

more time

Question 37

___ sessions should last 40 min to an hour,

Answer 37

Brainstorming

Question 38

___ are standards of behavior that dictate how humans are supposed to act within the roles that they find themselves in.

Answer 38

ethics

Question 39

___is to make decisions that satisfy immediate needs and to brush aside, ignore, or fail to consider the long-range implications.

Answer 39

Cognitive Nearsightedness