Chapter 14

Question 1

One of the legal problems facing police officers and police departments in recent years has been the expanded impact of ___ for alleged police misconduct.

Answer 1

civil and criminal liability

Question 2

a ___is a private injury inflicted on one person by

another person for which the injured party may sue in a civil action.

Answer 2

tort

Question 3

In ___, defendants are not liable unless they foresaw or should have anticipated that their acts or omissions would result in injury to another

Answer 3

negligence suits

Question 4

___ are voluntary and deliberate acts, such as assault, false arrest, false imprisonment, and malicious prosecution.

Answer 4

Intentional torts

Question 5

The most common legal vehicle by which federal courts can acquire jurisdiction of these suits is commonly referred to as a ___

Answer 5

1983 action.

Question 6

The ___is a nonprofit agency founded in 1967, and today it is one of the most highly respected sources of legal advice and training for police officers.

Answer 6

Americans for Effective Law Enforcement (AELE)

Question 7

A critical element of Section 1983 is that the violation must have occurred while the officer was acting ___

Answer 7

“under color of State law”

Question 8

Federal officials can be sued under one of two complaints.

Answer 8

Bivens action, Federal Tort Claim Act

Question 9

an effort to impose liability on supervisors for the tortious conduct of their employees is based on the
common-law doctrine of respondent superior. That doctrine is also called ___

Answer 9

vicarious liability

Question 10

The Court held that inadequate police training may form the basis for a civil rights claim “where the failure to train amounts to ___

Answer 10

deliberate indifference

Question 11

the greatest sources of litigation under Section 1983 in recent years have been negligent ___ and negligent ___.

Answer 11

supervision, training

Question 12

Would a reasonable officer confronted with the

same or similar circumstances make the same decisions and conduct the same actions?

Answer 12

Objective reasonableness

Question 13

The two most popular field training programs are the ___ model and the ___ model

Answer 13

San Jose (CA), Reno (NV)

Question 14

as a general rule, the ___ is not required to pay ordinary damages that result from a civil negligence suit.

Answer 14

individual employee

Question 15

the Supreme Court has established a rule that police are entitled to ___ for acts made in good faith that can be characterized as “objectively reasonable.”

Answer 15

“qualified” immunity

Question 16

police officers who ignore classic signs of illness, such as a heart attack, are depriving arrestees of their ___ right to receive medical care as a pretrial detainee.

Answer 16

Fourteenth Amendment

Question 17

the ___ decision makes clear that the standard of reasonableness emanates from the officer’s perception at the time of the crisis that results in the shooting

Answer 17

Graham v Connor

Question 18

police officers have no duty to refrain from chasing a criminal suspect, even when the risk of harm to the public arising from the chase is___

Answer 18

foreseeable

Question 19

In such cases, some courts impose liability on the officer and the department if the accident was a ___ of police negligence.

Answer 19

foreseeable consequence

Question 20

Increasingly, police departments are permitting

their officers to pursue only individuals who are known to have committed___

Answer 20

dangerous felonies

Question 21

___ is accomplished through sound management controls and a reduction in the number of pursuit-related accidents.

Answer 21

Liability reduction

Question 22

comprehensive policy statement should give content to terms such as ___ and provide officers with more particularized guidance

Answer 22

“reasonable” and “reckless”

Question 23

the Supreme Court decided that police officers have an affirmative duty to end ___ to the community.

Answer 23

“grave risks”

Question 24

___ of persons suffering from serious mental illness will be arrested at least once during their lifetime.

Answer 24

Forty percent

Question 25

the largest crime bill in the history of the United States, the ___ was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Bill Clinton.

Answer 25

1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act

Question 26

a federal lawsuit against a jurisdiction that has an established “pattern and practice” of violating the Constitutional rights of people within their jurisdiction.

Answer 26

federal consent decree

Question 27

___ involves sexual harassment, rape and violent sexual assault perpetrated by police officers against victims who are most often women.

Answer 27

Police sexual violence (PSV)

Question 28

___ have been defined loosely as rights involving the protection and defense of one’s good name, reputation, and position in the community.

Answer 28

Liberty rights

Question 29

___ refers to the legality of the procedures used to deprive police officers of status or wages, such as dismissal or suspension from their job.

Answer 29

procedural due process

Question 30

___ is the requirement that the basis for government disciplinary action be reasonable, relevant, and justifiable.

Answer 30

substantive due process

Question 31

By far, the largest number of police disciplinary cases arise under rules prohibiting ___

Answer 31

conduct unbecoming an officer.

Question 32

U.S. Supreme Court ruling that the suppression of any evidence by the prosecution favorable to the accused violates the due process clauses of the Constitution.

Answer 32

Brady v. Maryland