Chapter 13

Question 1

anything that places an adjustive demand on an organism

Answer 1

Stress

Question 2

Selye formulated the ___ to describe how stress, on the biological level, can incapacitate an individual.

Answer 2

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Question 3

The GAS encompasses three stages of physiological reaction to a wide variety of stressors:

Answer 3

Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion

Question 4

The alarm stage, sometimes referred to as an emergency reaction, is exemplified on the animal level by the so-called ___

Answer 4

fight-or-flight syndrome

Question 5

During this stage, bodily resources are mobilized to deal with the specific stressors, and adaptation is optimal.

Answer 5

resistance stage

Question 6

Under conditions of prolonged stress, the body reaches a point where it is no longer capable of maintaining resistance.

Answer 6

exhaustion stage

Question 7

there is little evidence that stress is the ___ cause of any disease.

Answer 7

exclusive or the principal

Question 8

___, can also affect the most common and lethal form of heart disease we face—atherosclerosis,

Answer 8

chronic stressors

Question 9

___ are married to their work. Their vows to love and honor their spouses above all “others” no longer hold meaning or possibility.

Answer 9

Workaholics

Question 10

The results of the Police Stress Survey (PSS)

reveal that the single-most-potent stressor was ___ in the line of duty

Answer 10

killing someone

Question 11

More law enforcement officers are likely to be killed by ___ than are killed by criminals.

Answer 11

job-related stress

Question 12

Many police officers who have been involved in a deadly force shooting episode have described one or more alterations in ___

Answer 12

perception, thinking, and behavior

Question 13

There are ___ Basic Phases of the Post-Shooting Reaction

Answer 13

Five

Question 14

The fifth phase, ___, can be a long process, and many law enforcement officers wrestle with this single event for a lifetime.

Answer 14

rationalization and acceptance

Question 15

Other experts have suggested that officers would be better able to provide a more accurate ___ if they are allowed to wait at least 24 hours

Answer 15

post shooting interview

Question 16

An emotional and behavioral disturbance that follows exposure to a traumatic stressor that is typically outside the range of normal, everyday experience

Answer 16

“posttraumatic stress disorder”

Question 17

officers may also experience trauma symptoms sporadically throughout a career as a result of being routinely exposed to many traumatic events over a period of time.

Answer 17

Cumulative Career Traumatic Stress

Question 18

___ among police officers is a serious and widespread problem, with some studies estimating that it affects one-quarter of all police officers

Answer 18

Alcohol abuse

Question 19

law enforcement officers remain one of the most

difficult groups to reach with intervention and prevention services, due largely to the ___ nature of the police culture

Answer 19

insular and clannish

Question 20

Research suggests that individuals taking AASs in excess of ___ of testosterone per week are outside the bounds of therapeutic use.

Answer 20

100–200 mg

Question 21

departments must identify, evaluate, and routinely ___ their mental health providers

Answer 21

audit

Question 22

Specially trained ___personnel were recognized as critical mental health resources

Answer 22

peer support

Question 23

___ provide no-cost, confidential assistance to an agency’s employees on health and wellness issues that impact work performance

Answer 23

Employee Assistance Programs

Question 24

___ are a key resource to any successful early intervention program.

Answer 24

Families

Question 25

The reasons for the nonreporting of ___ include victims with low esteem who think they “got what they deserved,”

Answer 25

domestic violence incidents

Question 26

Departments must make it clear to all officers that the department has a ___ on domestic violence

Answer 26

zero-tolerance policy

Question 27

Victims may communicate their concerns___at first, such as with calls to an officer’s supervisor.

Answer 27

“informally”

Question 28

Departments must establish procedures for making ___ to internal or external counseling services with expertise in domestic violence.

Answer 28

confidential referrals

Question 29

supervisors have a responsibility to ___ the information and notify their immediate ranking supervisor

Answer 29

document

Question 30

This evidence-based ___ is a user-friendly, straightforward instrument that predicts danger and lethality in domestic incidents

Answer 30

Lethality Assessment form

Question 31

Police officers who live and work in small towns almost never have an opportunity to ___

Answer 31

decompress

Question 32

A sleep deprivation study found that not sleeping for ___ impaired a person’s motor skills to an extent equivalent to having an alcohol toxicity of 0.05 percent.

Answer 32

17 hours

Question 33

many police departments in the United States had formed___ or other sections to provide help for officers having difficulties.

Answer 33

“stress units”