Chapter 5 Flashcards
The basic rationale for the existence of ____is that they do those things that people are unwilling or unable to do alone.
organizations
Mechanistic organizations are also called ____ because their boundaries are regarded as being fairly impermeable to outside influences.
“closed systems”
Knowing they face an unstable environment, organic organizations are adaptable and ____
“nimble on their feet.”
Which formal organization has the owner as the prime beneficiary?
business concerns
Which formal organization benefits the public at large?
commonweal
Mutual benefit associations, such as ____, face the crucial problem of maintaining the internal democratic processes.
police unions
Service organizations are faced with the conflict between restrictions imposed by ____ versus providing the services judged by the professional to be most appropriate.
administrative regulations
A key issue for types of commonweal organizations is finding a way to accommodate pressures from two sources:
(1) external democratic control and (2) internal control.
The three branches or stems of traditional organizational theory are:
(1) scientific management, (2) the bureaucratic model, and (3) administrative or management, theory.
The father of scientific management is ___, and the thrust of his thinking was to find the “one best way” to do work
Frederick W. Taylor
Taylor saw workers as deliberately restricting productivity by “____soldiering” and “____ soldiering.”
natural and systematic
systematic soldiering came from workers not wanting to ____ as to see their quotas raised or other workers thrown out of their jobs.
produce so much
____ meant that people were responsible for directing certain tasks, despite the fact that this meant the authority of the supervisor might cut across organizational lines.
functional supervision
The ____meant that routine matters should be handled by lower-level managers or by supervisors
exception principle
Ostensibly, ____ are established to ensure the safety of pedestrians and the motoring public.
ticket quotas
Quotas can force officers to make marginal cases in order to get good evaluations, thereby decreasing ___ and support.
public goodwill
Union leaders saw ____ as a threat to their movement because it seemed to reduce, if not eliminate, the importance of unions.
Taylorism
The Gantt chart contained the then-revolutionary idea that the key factor in planning production was not quantity but ___.
time
____ has come to mean slow-performing organizations using unnecessarily complicated procedures with answers that don’t seem to quite meet our needs
bureaucracy
___ is the founder of modern sociology
Max Weber
The organization of offices follows the ___; that is, each lower office is under the control and supervision of a higher one.
principle of hierarchy
Hierarchy also provides the ____ that establish reporting and communication channels.
“vertical highways”
_____ or specialization increases the width and horizontal complexity of law enforcement agencies
Division of labor
In a police context, ____ rests on the legal basis for the existence of the department.
rational legal authority
