Chapter 2 Flashcards
The shift in focus on social problems and attempts to engage the wider community to assist in curbing crime and disorder emerged into what is now commonly called____
“community policing.”
In Policing a Free Society, ____ questioned the effectiveness of traditional police methods in safeguarding the constitutional rights and privileges celebrated in American society versus the control of crime and the decay of social order.
Herman Goldstein
Crime increasing dramatically in neighborhoods where visible signs of social decay and disorder are present is the definition of ____
broken windows theory
Old programs, such as the ____ officer, were reintroduced to American policing as ways to bring the police and the community closer together.
“walking beat”
Community policing is focused on programs that fostered five elements:
(1) a commitment to crime prevention, (2) public scrutiny of the police, (3) accountability of police actions to the public, (4) customized police service, and (5) community organization.
Definitive statements on the impact of ____ are difficult because the concept itself looks very different from agency to agency.
community policing
____ is a process that looks at the individual needs of the community and then designs proactive strategies to stop or prevent crime.
CompStat
In present practice, COP is a proactive approach to crime control with three complimentary elements:
(1) community partnerships; (2) problem solving, using the Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment (SARA) model; and (3) organizational transformation
Not only does____ take a look at crime numbers and the harm that crime itself causes, but it also explores the inherent harms in different types of police activities.
harm-focused policing
Newport News Police Department developed a “problem-oriented” approach yielding an important four-step, problem-solving methodology referred to as _____
SARA
What are the four SARA steps?
Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment
In 1993, the first major operational changes using community policing in the city of Chicago was called the ____
Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS)
In Minneapolis, the CompStat program was referred to as ____
CODEFOR (Computer Optimized Deployment—Focus On Results).
____ is the use of the best available research on the outcomes of police work to implement guidelines and evaluate agencies, units, and officers.
evidence-based policing
The evidence-based policing model focuses on the “Triple-T Strategy”:
Targeting, Testing, and Tracking
Evidence-based policing also reinforces the concept of ___
police transparency
the Evidence-Based Policing Matrix developed by____ and colleagues
Dr. Cynthia Lum
This type of policing forces the police to identify specific areas with undue concentrations of crime and then direct their resources at those places.
hot-spot policing
____ patrols involve the assignment of officers to problematic areas for proactive enforcement at high-risk times.
Directed and saturated
____ utilizes criminal intelligence analysis as a means to accomplish crime prevention and reduction through best practices and partnerships with other entities.
intelligence-led policing
Although intelligence-led policing emerged in the United States after the ____, the movement toward this approach actually began prior to the 1990s
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks
one of the key components of ____ is the use of advanced analytics that evaluate and examine data and information through advanced statistics and artificial intelligence.
predictive policing
____ is the process of identifying patterns and relationships between crime data and other relevant data sources to prioritize and target police activity
Crime analysis
crime analysis generates associations and relationships between variables such as ____ that are related to crime.
space, time, offenders, and victims
