chapter 8 Flashcards
1
Q
what are the 2 ways to conceptualize and analyse psychological disorders?
A
- biomedical approach
- biopsychosocial approach
2
Q
what is the biomedical approach?
A
- understands psychological disorders as physically based conditions, for which biologically grounded treatments are appropriate
3
Q
what is the biopsychosocial approach?
A
recognizes the importance of biological causative factors, but also emphasizes the role played by psychological factors and sociological factors
4
Q
what is a psychological disorder?
A
- a mental or behavioural pattern causing significant distress to a person or impairing their ability to function within society
- culture specific
5
Q
what are depressive disorders?
A
- major depressive disorders is defined by the presence of at least one major depressive disorder (2 week period including 5 or more symptoms)
- dysthymia is a less-intense form of depression that occurs for at least 2 years; together with long-lasting major depressive disorder
- seasonal affective disorder is a major depressive disorder with a regular seasonal pattern of onset usually in the winter months
6
Q
what are bipolar disorders?
A
- involve both depressive and manic episodes
- bipolar 1 disorder is primarily characterized by mania
- bipolar 2 disorder is primarily characterized by depression
7
Q
what are anxiety disorders?
A
- generalized anxiety disorder which involves a disproprotionate level of stress and worry regarding a diverse range of otherwise routine aspects of daily life
- social anxiety disorder entails intense feelings of stress linked to social situations, often linked to embarrassment
- illness anxiety disorder manifests as excessive concern about medical conditions in the absence of phsyical symptoms
- panic attacks occur
8
Q
what are obsessive-compulsive and related disorders?
A
- OCD consists of obsessions and compulsions (obsessions are thoughts)
- body dysmorphic disorder- characterized by an obsessive focus on a perceived flaw in one’s appearance that is more objectively minor or nonexistant
9
Q
what are trauma and stress-related disorders?
A
- PTSD- characterized by a pattern of intrusive recollections related to the traumatic event and altered patterns of reactivity and arousal (must persist more than a month)
10
Q
what are somatic disorders?
A
- somatic disorders involve physical symptoms
- somatic symptom disorder- refers to an excessive preoccupation or focus on a physical symptom
- coversion disorder describes physical stmptoms involving the impairment of sensory of voluntary motor function that do not appear to have a biological cause
11
Q
what are dissociative disorders?
A
- hallamrk is disconnection from one’s routine state of consciousness and/or personality
- dissociative idnetitiy disorder- an individual has 2 or more distinct personalities that appear different at times
- dissociative amneisa- retrograde amnesia in which people lose episodic memories about their own lives
- depersonalization/derealization disorder refers to a pattern in which people feel a sense of unreality about their own existance, as if they’re observing themselves and their surroundings from a distance
12
Q
what are schizophrenia disorders?
A
- psychotic disorder
- positive symptoms (hallucionations, delusions, disorganized thought and behaviour, and abnormal movement patterns)
- negative symptoms (reflect the lack or absence of ones baseline experience such as diminished levels of emotional intensity and initiative)- known as affect
- prodromal phase (a person displays a pattern of poor social adjustment and integration)
13
Q
what are personality disorders?
A
- describe maladaptive behavioural patterns that cause persistent problems in a person’s life, but nonetheless may not be recognized as a problem by the affected person (ego-syntonicity) -diagnosed after the age of 18
14
Q
what are cluster A perosnality disorders?
A
- paranoid personality- a high level of distrust towards others
- schizoid personality- marked preference for solitude, restricted range of emotions
- schizotypal personality disorder- intense discomfort in social contexts but with the addition of unusual beliefs that may be reminiscent of delusions without actually rising to that level
15
Q
what are cluster B perosnality disorders?
A
- antisocial personality disorder- pervasive pattern of disregard for the rights of others, manifesting in violence
- narcissistic personality disorder- pervasive sense of one’s unique tlanets
- histrionic personality disorder- describes a pattern of flashy, attention-seeking behaviour
- borderline personality disorder- tendency for extremely intense, but unstable emotions and moods, as well as a cognitive pattern known as splitting (totally good or totally bad)
