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Laboratory Animal Technician > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do mice have?

A

40

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2
Q

long strands of DNA that are made up of molecules

A

nucleotides

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3
Q

different versions of genes are called

A

alleles

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4
Q

genetic testing is called

A

genotyping

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5
Q

when both genes of a pair are the same

A

homozygous

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6
Q

when the genes at the same locus on a chromosome pair are different

A

heterozygous

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7
Q

if the animal does not contain the allele that the investigator is interested in

A

wild type

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8
Q

when a gene is absent or turned off due to a mutation that blocks the gene’s expression

A

null

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9
Q

both copies of the gene are absent or turned off

A

homozygous null/knockout

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10
Q

What are all the genes in an organism collectively called?

A

genome

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11
Q

what is a different version of the same gene called?

A

allele

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12
Q

when new genes are inserted into a mouse

A

knockin

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13
Q

a technique performed on a fertilized egg in a single cell stage

A

pronuclear injection

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14
Q

embryonic stem cells that line the inside of a developing blastocyst are collected and used to produce embryonic stem cell lines.

A

gene targeting by homologous recombination

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15
Q

a small electrical current is passed through a solution containing the genes and stem cells, which then causes the DNA to enter the cells.

A

electroporation

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16
Q

once the DNA is in an ES cell, the cell may recognize portions of the nucleotide sequences that make up the mutated gene, as the same in their own genes. the cell then integrates the mutated gene and the specific location corresponding to its own copy of that gene.

A

homologous recombination

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17
Q

what happens after the cell is electroporated?

A

tested, the inserted into another developing blastocyst.

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18
Q

an animal with some of its cells containing the new gene and some without the new gene

A

chimera

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19
Q

What is the most desirable chimera is one with the new gene has been incorporated in the germ cells (egg and sperm). a pure strain of animals carrying the desired DNA can be produced by breeding progeny with germ cell incorporation.

A

germline transmission

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20
Q

True or false, genes are injected with a pipette directly into the cell during pronuclear injection

A

true

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21
Q

The most common molecular biology technique used to determine the genotype is a test called

A

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

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22
Q

how do you know the gene has been amplified after going through PCR?

A

gel electrophoresis

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23
Q

what type of phenotype are things humans can see?

A

visible

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24
Q

what kind of phenotype are observed by humans such as aggressiveness?

A

behavioral

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25
Q

what kind of phenotype impairs the mouses motor system?

A

demonstrable

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26
Q

what are phenotypes that can be turned on with the use of drugs?

A

inducible

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27
Q

what type of genes are located adjacent to one another on the same chromosomes, and tend to be inherited together?

A

linked genes

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28
Q

What are some common inbred strains of mice?

A

AKR, DBA, C57BL

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29
Q

What is a common outbred strain?

A

Swiss webster

30
Q

Where in the name of strains of mice are the laboratory/code vendor located in inbred and hybrid mice?

A

at the end after a forward slash

31
Q

in outbred mice, where is the vendor name located?

A

in front of the stock symbol before a colon.

32
Q

Where is the parent strain name found in strain names of inbred and hybrid mice?

A

in front of the forward slash

33
Q

Where does the paternal strain fall in strain names of hybrids?

A

second after the maternal name, before the generation number, all before the forward slash

34
Q

one female to one male mating system

A

monogamous mating

35
Q

two or more females bred with one male

A

polygamous and harem mating

36
Q

when females are removed from the cage once determined to be pregnant

A

polygamous mating

37
Q

when a group of mice are kept together for mating

A

harem mating

38
Q

when males are kept with females always

A

intensive breeding

39
Q

when males and females are housed separately while the females are rearing their young

A

nonintensive breeding

40
Q

mating used to provide embryos or newborn mice at a precise date needed for experiments.

A

timed mating system

41
Q

What is it called when you add a male to a group housed female cage?

A

the Whitten effect, when the females initiate estrus because of exposure to the male.

42
Q

the plan for producing a colony with a desired genetic makeup

A

breeding scheme

43
Q

breeding animals that are unrelated or only distantly related

A

outbreeding

44
Q

mating system that produces animals with minimal genetic variation

A

inbreeding

45
Q

how long do you need to breed mice in order for it to be considered inbred?

A

20 generations

46
Q

the animals initially bred with a desired DNA, often referred to as founders

A

foundation colony

47
Q

breeding the foundation colony to ensure that the desired genetic trait will not be lost if anything happens to the founders

A

expansion colony

48
Q

breeding of the expansion colony produces the

A

production colony

49
Q

breeding system that is a selective system in which the parents are of different inbred strains, and is frequently used to transfer a desired mutation from one strain to another.

A

hybrid breeding

50
Q

the animal with a mutation that differs from other animals of that strain, usually by a single mutant gene

A

coisogenic

51
Q

strains that can be constructed by selectively mating an animal carrying the mutation of interest to an inbred animal from a strain of choice

A

congenic

52
Q

What are the four stages of estrous?

A

proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus

53
Q

when are females most receptive to pregnancy

A

estrus

54
Q

birth of the young at the natural end of gestation

A

partruition

55
Q

how long is estrus for cats

A

1 to 4 days

56
Q

how long is gestation in cats

A

58-67 days

57
Q

how old should kittens be weaned at

A

7 to 8 weeks

58
Q

rabbits only ovulate 10-12 hours after mating

A

true

59
Q

how long does gestation last in rabbits

A

31-32 days

60
Q

at what age are rabbits weaned at

A

5-8 weeks

61
Q

how long does estrus last for dogs

A

7-10 days

62
Q

how long is gestation for dogs

A

59-68 days

63
Q

how old are puppies weaned

A

6-8 weeks

64
Q

how long are old world monkeys sexually receptive?

A

8-12 days

65
Q

what is the gestation for macaque

A

159-169 days

66
Q

how old can you wean old world monkeys

A

7-14 months

67
Q

how old can a female pig be bred

A

6-7 months

68
Q

how long is gestation in pigs

A

112-115 days

69
Q

what is the substrain of C57BL/6J

A

6

70
Q

in which procedure is an amplified DNA sample loaded into an agarose gel?

A

gel electrophoresis

Laboratory Animal Technician (13 decks)

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