Chapter 14 Flashcards
cause or origin of diseases
etiology
diseases confined to a small area of the body
local
diseases that affect a large part of the body
systemic
a local area of damage produced by disease, injury, or surgery
lesion
disease passed from parent to offspring by way of genes
hereditary
a rat that inherits a predisposition for high blood pressure
spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR)
diseases with which the animal is born
congenital
diseases related to age that occurs gradually as the animal matures
degenerative
disease related to an insufficiency of a hormone or enzyme, thus disrupting the chemical reactions of metabolism
metabolic disease
unregulated, disorganized proliferation of cells that cause cancer
neoplasm
when a pathogen infects an animal or person
infectious disease
what are the five classifications of infectious agents?
prions, viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
how pathogenic organisms spread from one individual to another
route of transmission
infections that travel from one generation to the next, by a mother animal to her offspring
vertical transmission
infections that occur within the same generation
horizontal
living organisms that transmit diseases
vectors
contaminated non-living objects that provide a mechanical means of infectious disease transmission
fomites
disease that can be transmitted from humans to animals or animals to humans
zoonosis
what are some examples of zoonosis
tuberculosis, salmonellosis, ringworm, several viral and parasitic diseases
a sudden outbreak that affects a large number of animals
opizootic
a disease that commonly occurs in multiple members of a population
enzootic disease
a disease is overt when a host develops visible signs of disease
clinical disease
disease when the animal does not develop visible signs of illness
subclinical disease
diseases have a sudden onset and are often severe. there may be deaths with few or no previous clinical signs.
peracute
diseases with rapid onset, their duration is usually only a matter of days.
acute
more gradual onset and may last for weeks, months, or even years in some animals
chronic
when invading pathogens escape from a local area and enter the bloodstream
septicemia
invading organism
phagocytosis
what are the clinical signs of inflammation?
heat, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function
newborn animals have __, which they get antibodies from their mothers milk and during gestation
passive immunity
when the immune system over responds and causes the disease itself
allergy or hypersensitivity
lack of voluntary muscle coordination
ataxia
parasitic, bacterial, or yeast infections of the ear
otitis
persistent itching
pruritus
disease in which the intestines are inflamed and causes diarrhea
enteritis
what type of disease has a sudden onset and may have deaths with few or no previous clinical signs?
peracute
what is true about the B virus in monkeys?
there may be no symptoms
what may help to alleviate self-mutilation in a large male monkey?
move the male out of direct eye contact with other males
