Chapter 14

Question 1

cause or origin of diseases

Answer 1

etiology

Question 2

diseases confined to a small area of the body

Answer 2

local

Question 3

diseases that affect a large part of the body

Answer 3

systemic

Question 4

a local area of damage produced by disease, injury, or surgery

Answer 4

lesion

Question 5

disease passed from parent to offspring by way of genes

Answer 5

hereditary

Question 6

a rat that inherits a predisposition for high blood pressure

Answer 6

spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR)

Question 7

diseases with which the animal is born

Answer 7

congenital

Question 8

diseases related to age that occurs gradually as the animal matures

Answer 8

degenerative

Question 9

disease related to an insufficiency of a hormone or enzyme, thus disrupting the chemical reactions of metabolism

Answer 9

metabolic disease

Question 10

unregulated, disorganized proliferation of cells that cause cancer

Answer 10

neoplasm

Question 11

when a pathogen infects an animal or person

Answer 11

infectious disease

Question 12

what are the five classifications of infectious agents?

Answer 12

prions, viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.

Question 13

how pathogenic organisms spread from one individual to another

Answer 13

route of transmission

Question 14

infections that travel from one generation to the next, by a mother animal to her offspring

Answer 14

vertical transmission

Question 15

infections that occur within the same generation

Answer 15

horizontal

Question 16

living organisms that transmit diseases

Answer 16

vectors

Question 17

contaminated non-living objects that provide a mechanical means of infectious disease transmission

Answer 17

fomites

Question 18

disease that can be transmitted from humans to animals or animals to humans

Answer 18

zoonosis

Question 19

what are some examples of zoonosis

Answer 19

tuberculosis, salmonellosis, ringworm, several viral and parasitic diseases

Question 20

a sudden outbreak that affects a large number of animals

Answer 20

opizootic

Question 21

a disease that commonly occurs in multiple members of a population

Answer 21

enzootic disease

Question 22

a disease is overt when a host develops visible signs of disease

Answer 22

clinical disease

Question 23

disease when the animal does not develop visible signs of illness

Answer 23

subclinical disease

Question 24

diseases have a sudden onset and are often severe. there may be deaths with few or no previous clinical signs.

Answer 24

peracute

Question 25

diseases with rapid onset, their duration is usually only a matter of days.

Answer 25

acute

Question 26

more gradual onset and may last for weeks, months, or even years in some animals

Answer 26

chronic

Question 27

when invading pathogens escape from a local area and enter the bloodstream

Answer 27

septicemia

Question 28

invading organism

Answer 28

phagocytosis

Question 29

what are the clinical signs of inflammation?

Answer 29

heat, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function

Question 30

newborn animals have __, which they get antibodies from their mothers milk and during gestation

Answer 30

passive immunity

Question 31

when the immune system over responds and causes the disease itself

Answer 31

allergy or hypersensitivity

Question 32

lack of voluntary muscle coordination

Answer 32

ataxia

Question 33

parasitic, bacterial, or yeast infections of the ear

Answer 33

otitis

Question 34

persistent itching

Answer 34

pruritus

Question 35

disease in which the intestines are inflamed and causes diarrhea

Answer 35

enteritis

Question 36

what type of disease has a sudden onset and may have deaths with few or no previous clinical signs?

Answer 36

peracute

Question 37

what is true about the B virus in monkeys?

Answer 37

there may be no symptoms

Question 38

what may help to alleviate self-mutilation in a large male monkey?

Answer 38

move the male out of direct eye contact with other males