Chapter 13

Question 1

what are the three periods of surgery?

Answer 1

preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative

Question 2

the incision site plus adjacent areas on the animal, sterile drapes lying over the animal and table, and portions of the surgeon’s sterile gown, may include the inside of a laminar flow hood

Answer 2

surgical field

Question 3

is a state in which there are no living microorganisms present. all equipment and supplies used in surgical procedures must be sterile

Answer 3

sterility

Question 4

free of pathogenic microorganisms. this refers to practices during surgery that prevent or reduce the entry of pathogenic microorganisms into the surgical field, and thus into the animal.

Answer 4

asepsis

Question 5

substances that destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, but do not sterilize, can be used on living tissue. examples are betadine and chlorhexidine

Answer 5

antiseptics

Question 6

destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, but do not sterilize. toxic to living tissue, and therefore used on surfaces

Answer 6

disinfectants

Question 7

process by which something is rendered unclean or nonsterile.

Answer 7

contamination

Question 8

the act of preventing contamination of the sterile surgical field and other sterile areas

Answer 8

aseptic technique

Question 9

surgical procedures where all vertebrate animals are expected to recover from the anesthesia

Answer 9

survival surgery

Question 10

what is major surgery defined as?

Answer 10

penetrates and exposes a body cavity, produces substantial impairment of physical or physiological functions, or involves extensive tissue dissection or transection.

Question 11

what may happen if a surgery takes longer than expected?

Answer 11

tissues may dry out which could impair healing

Question 12

how long is food withheld before surgery?

Answer 12

6-12 hours depending on species

Question 13

do rodents or rabbits need to be fasted and why?

Answer 13

no, they do not have the ability to vomit

Question 14

how long should surgical scrub time take?

Answer 14

5 to 7 minutes

Question 15

what type of anesthesia causes loss of sensation in a specific part of the body?

Answer 15

local

Question 16

anesthetics that immobilizes the animal

Answer 16

general anesthetics

Question 17

what is the safest way to administer gas anesthesia?

Answer 17

precision vaporizer

Question 18

what is an example of a topical anesthetic used for anesthetizing the eye?

Answer 18

ophthaine

Question 19

what does CRT stand for?

Answer 19

Capillary refill time

Question 20

what is a health CRT for animals?

Answer 20

2 seconds or less

Question 21

how can you determine if an animal is on the proper plane of anesthesia?

Answer 21

pinch the foot

Question 22

pain or distress can be for a few seconds to hours, and can often be relatively severe

Answer 22

acute pain

Question 23

pain or distress persists over a longer period of time and is usually less intense. can be continuous or intermittent, thus it can be more difficult to detect

Answer 23

chronic pain

Question 24

the animal protects the painful area by moving away

Answer 24

guarding

Question 25

the animal produces atypical sounds on movement, on palpitation of the affected area, or even in the absence of manipulation

Answer 25

vocalization

Question 26

altered expressions related to pain have been described in many species including mice, rats, farm animals, dogs, and cats

Answer 26

facial expressions

Question 27

pace, shift its weight, repeatedly stand up and lie down

Answer 27

restlessness

Question 28

lies down for prolonged periods and fails to rise when stimulated

Answer 28

recumbency

Question 29

reluctant or has difficulty rising

Answer 29

difficulty with ambulation

Question 30

licks, bites, kicks, presses, shakes, or scratches the painful area

Answer 30

self-mutilation

Question 31

ruffled and soiled hair coat

Answer 31

reduced self-grooming

Question 32

pain relieving medications

Answer 32

analgesics