Chapter 13 Flashcards
what are the three periods of surgery?
preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative
the incision site plus adjacent areas on the animal, sterile drapes lying over the animal and table, and portions of the surgeon’s sterile gown, may include the inside of a laminar flow hood
surgical field
is a state in which there are no living microorganisms present. all equipment and supplies used in surgical procedures must be sterile
sterility
free of pathogenic microorganisms. this refers to practices during surgery that prevent or reduce the entry of pathogenic microorganisms into the surgical field, and thus into the animal.
asepsis
substances that destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, but do not sterilize, can be used on living tissue. examples are betadine and chlorhexidine
antiseptics
destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, but do not sterilize. toxic to living tissue, and therefore used on surfaces
disinfectants
process by which something is rendered unclean or nonsterile.
contamination
the act of preventing contamination of the sterile surgical field and other sterile areas
aseptic technique
surgical procedures where all vertebrate animals are expected to recover from the anesthesia
survival surgery
what is major surgery defined as?
penetrates and exposes a body cavity, produces substantial impairment of physical or physiological functions, or involves extensive tissue dissection or transection.
what may happen if a surgery takes longer than expected?
tissues may dry out which could impair healing
how long is food withheld before surgery?
6-12 hours depending on species
do rodents or rabbits need to be fasted and why?
no, they do not have the ability to vomit
how long should surgical scrub time take?
5 to 7 minutes
what type of anesthesia causes loss of sensation in a specific part of the body?
local
anesthetics that immobilizes the animal
general anesthetics
what is the safest way to administer gas anesthesia?
precision vaporizer
what is an example of a topical anesthetic used for anesthetizing the eye?
ophthaine
what does CRT stand for?
Capillary refill time
what is a health CRT for animals?
2 seconds or less
how can you determine if an animal is on the proper plane of anesthesia?
pinch the foot
pain or distress can be for a few seconds to hours, and can often be relatively severe
acute pain
pain or distress persists over a longer period of time and is usually less intense. can be continuous or intermittent, thus it can be more difficult to detect
chronic pain
the animal protects the painful area by moving away
guarding
the animal produces atypical sounds on movement, on palpitation of the affected area, or even in the absence of manipulation
vocalization
altered expressions related to pain have been described in many species including mice, rats, farm animals, dogs, and cats
facial expressions
pace, shift its weight, repeatedly stand up and lie down
restlessness
lies down for prolonged periods and fails to rise when stimulated
recumbency
reluctant or has difficulty rising
difficulty with ambulation
licks, bites, kicks, presses, shakes, or scratches the painful area
self-mutilation
ruffled and soiled hair coat
reduced self-grooming
pain relieving medications
analgesics
