CHAPTER 7_CLASSIFICATION AND LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF ANEMIAS Flashcards by Prince Mella

The causes of anemia include

A. blood loss
B. impaired red cell production
C. accelerated red cell destruction
D. all of the above.

D. all of the above.

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The clinical signs and symptoms of anemia can result
from

A. diminished delivery of oxygen to the tissues
B. lowered hemoglobin concentration
C. increased blood volume
D. both A and B

D. both A and B

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If you are grading changes in erythrocytic size or
shape using a scale of 0 to 4+ and many erythrocytes
deviate from normal per microscopic field, the typical
score would be

A. 1+
B. 2+
C. 3+
D. 4+

C. 3+

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Anemias can be categorized into

A. hemolytic types
B. blood loss types
C. impaired production types
D. all of the above

D. all of the above

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Questions 1 through 5: Match the following
characteristics with either A or B.

A. Acute blood loss
B. Chronic blood loss

__B___ Disorders of the GI system or heavy
menstruation

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Questions 1 through 5: Match the following
characteristics with either A or B.

A. Acute blood loss
B. Chronic blood loss

__B___ Does not disrupt the blood volume

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Which of the following is a significant laboratory
finding in anemia?

A. Decreased hemoglobin
B. Increased packed cell volume
C. Increased erythrocyte count
D. Normal erythrocyte indices

A. Decreased hemoglobin

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Questions 1 through 5: Match the following
characteristics with either A or B.

A. Acute blood loss
B. Chronic blood loss

__A___ Increased thrombocytes (platelets)

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Questions 1 through 5: Match the following
characteristics with either A or B.

A. Acute blood loss
B. Chronic blood loss

__A___ Traumatic conditions

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Questions 1 through 5: Match the following
characteristics with either A or B.

A. Acute blood loss
B. Chronic blood loss

__B___ Results in an iron deficiency and a
hypochromic/microcytic erythrocyte morphology on a
peripheral blood smear

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The erythrocyte morphology associated with anemia
in an otherwise healthy individual caused by acute
blood loss is usually

A. microcytic
B. megaloblastic
C. normochromic
D. hypochromic

C. normochromic

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If a patient with aplastic anemia is referred to as
exhibiting pancytopenia, which cell lines are affected?

A. Erythrocytes
B. Leukocytes
C. Thrombocytes
D. All of the above

D. All of the above

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Aplastic anemia can occur years before a diagnosis of
____ is made.

A. paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
B. myelodysplasia
C. acute myelogenous leukemia
D. all of the above

D. all of the above

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Acquired aplastic anemia may be caused by

A. benzene or benzene derivatives
B. ionizing radiation and vitamin B12
C. purine or pyrimidine analogues
D. all of the above

D. all of the above

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Anemia caused by chronic blood loss is characterized
by

A. hypochromic, microcytic erythrocytes
B. decreased packed cell volume
C. increased platelets
D. both A and B

D. both A and B

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The sudden appearance of aplastic anemia or pure
red cell aplasia is often caused by

A. a hemolytic process
B. an immune process
C. acute leukemias
D. chronic leukemias

B. an immune process

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Fanconi anemia is associated with abnormal genes
located on chromosomes __q___, __q___.

A. 9, 20
B. 5, 22
C. 9, 12
D. 8, 23

A. 9, 20

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Questions 5 to 8: Match the following. (Use an answer
only once)

A. A subset of Fanconi anemia
B. A rare congenital form of red cell aplasia
C. Is characterized by selective failure of red blood cell
production
D. The best-described congenital form of aplastic
anemia

__D___ Fanconi anemia

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The etiology of IDA is

A. nutritional deficiency
B. faulty iron absorption
C. excessive loss of iron
D. all of the above

D. all of the above

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Questions 5 to 8: Match the following. (Use an answer
only once)

__A___ Familial aplastic anemia

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Questions 5 to 8: Match the following. (Use an answer
only once)

__C___ Pure red cell anemia

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Hematopoietic cell targets in aplastic anemia are
affected by

A. activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes
B. activation of the Fas receptor
C. direct cell–cell interactions between lymphocytes and
target cells
D. all of the above

D. all of the above

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Iron deficiency is still common in

A. toddlers
B. adolescent girls
C. women of childbearing age
D. all of the above

D. all of the above

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Questions 5 to 8: Match the following. (Use an answer
only once)

__B___ Diamond-Blackfan syndrome

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Questions 3 through 7: Match the following categories with an appropriate example. (Use an answer only once) A. Sprue B. Colon cancer C. Adolescent growth spurt D. Menstruation E. Meat-poor diet

4. _A____ Faulty iron absorption

Questions 3 through 7: Match the following categories with an appropriate example. (Use an answer only once) A. Sprue B. Colon cancer C. Adolescent growth spurt D. Menstruation E. Meat-poor diet

3. _E____ Decreased iron intake

Questions 3 through 7: Match the following categories with an appropriate example. (Use an answer only once) A. Sprue B. Colon cancer C. Adolescent growth spurt D. Menstruation E. Meat-poor diet

6. _D____ Physiological iron loss

Questions 3 through 7: Match the following categories with an appropriate example. (Use an answer only once) A. Sprue B. Colon cancer C. Adolescent growth spurt D. Menstruation E. Meat-poor diet

5. _B____ Pathological iron loss

Questions 3 through 7: Match the following categories with an appropriate example. (Use an answer only once) A. Sprue B. Colon cancer C. Adolescent growth spurt D. Menstruation E. Meat-poor diet

7. _C____ Increased iron utilization

8. The average adult has _____ g of total iron. A. 0.2 to1.4 B.1.5 to3.4 C.3.5 to5.0 D.5.1 to10.0

C.3.5 to5.0

Questions 10 and 11: Approximately (10) _____% of iron from food is in the form of (11) _____ iron. 11. A. Nonheme B. Heme

A. Nonheme

Questions 10 and 11: Approximately (10) _____% of iron from food is in the form of (11) _____ iron. 10. A. 25 B. 50 C. 70 D. 90

D. 90

9. Most functional iron in humans is found in A. the bone marrow B. the liver C. hemoglobin molecules of erythrocytes (RBCs) D. the free hemoglobin in the circulation

C. hemoglobin molecules of erythrocytes (RBCs)

12. Most ingested iron is readily absorbed into the body in the A. stomach and duodenum B. duodenum and upper jejunum C. ileum and duodenum D. upper jejunum and ileum

B. duodenum and upper jejunum

13. Transferrin represents a A. storage form of iron B. beta globulin that moves iron C. glycoprotein that moves iron D. both B and C

D. both B and C

15. The peripheral blood smear demonstrates _____ red blood cells in IDA. A. microcytic, hypochromic B. macrocytic, hypochromic C. macrocytic and spherocytic D. either A or B

A. microcytic, hypochromic

14. In IDA, the erythrocytic indices are typically A. MCV increased, MCH decreased, and MCHC decreased B. MCV decreased, MCH decreased, and MCHC decreased C. MCV decreased, MCH increased, and MCHC decreased D. MCV decreased, MCH decreased, and MCHC normal

B. MCV decreased, MCH decreased, and MCHC decreased

16. In IDA, the A. serum iron is severely decreased and the TIBC is increased B. serum iron is decreased and the TIBC is normal C. serum iron is normal and the TIBC is normal D. serum iron is increased and the TIBC is normal

A. serum iron is severely decreased and the TIBC is increased

17. Anemias of inflammation/chronic diseases can be caused by A. inflammation B. infection C. malignancy D. all of the above

D. all of the above

22. Sideroblastic anemia can be caused by A. congenital (chromosomal) defect B. drugs (e.g., chloramphenicol) C. association with malignant disorders (e.g., acute myelogenous leukemia) D. all of the above

D. all of the above

20. Leukoerythroblastosis can appear as _____ on a peripheral blood smear. A. immature leukocytes B. immature erythrocytes C. immature thrombocytes D. both A and B

19. The typical peripheral blood film of a patient with AOI typically reveals _____ erythrocytes. A. microcytic, hypochromic B. macrocytic, hypochromic C. normocytic, normochromic D. many spherocytes

C. normocytic, normochromic

25. Storage iron in the human body is A. found in hepatocytes B. found in macrophages C. sequestered as ferritin D. all of the above

D. all of the above

18. AOI can result from A. inappropriately decreased erythropoietin B. suppression of erythropoiesis by cytokines from activated macrophages and lymphocytes C. impaired iron metabolism D. all of the above

D. all of the above

23. A common feature of sideroblastic anemia is A. ringed sideroblasts B. decreased serum iron C. decreased serum ferritin D. macrocytic red blood cells

A. ringed sideroblasts

21. What is the most appropriate treatment for AOI? A. Red blood cell transfusion B. Iron therapy C. Erythropoietin injections D. Treatment of the inflammatory condition

D. Treatment of the inflammatory condition

24. The greatest portion of operational body iron is normally contained in what compound? A. Hemoglobin B. Ferritin C. Cytochromes D. Myoglobin

A. Hemoglobin

26. The most sensitive assay for the diagnosis of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is A. serum iron B. serum iron–binding capacity C. transferrin D. transferrin saturation

D. transferrin saturation

1. Megaloblastic anemias can be caused by A. tapeworm infestation B. gastric resection C. nutritional deficiency D. all of the above

D. all of the above

2. Megaloblastic anemia related to folic acid deficiency is associated with A. abnormal absorption B. increased utilization C. nutritional deficiency D. all of the above

D. all of the above

4. Cobalamin transport is mediated by A. IF B. TC II C. R proteins D. all of the above

D. all of the above

3. The underlying type A gastritis that causes pernicious anemia is immunologically related to A. autoantibody to IF B. low serum gastrin C. autoantibody to parietal cells D. both A and C

D. both A and C

5. In megaloblastic anemia, the typical erythrocytic indices are A. MCV increased, MCH increased, and MCHC normal B. MCV increased, MCH variable, and MCHC normal C. MCV increased, MCH decreased, and MCHC normal D. MCV normal, MCH increased, and MCHC normal

A. MCV increased, MCH increased, and MCHC normal

6. The peripheral erythrocyte morphology in folate deficiency is similar to pernicious anemia, and the RBCs are A. small B. normal size C. large

C. large

Questions 9 through 15: Match the following clinical chemistry assays with their expected value in pernicious anemia: (An answer can be used more than once.) A. Decreased B. Normal C. Increased D. Significantly increased

12. _C____ Serum iron

7. In a case of classic pernicious anemia, the patient has A. leukopenia B. hypersegmented neutrophils C. anemia D. all of the above

D. all of the above

8. The reticulocyte count in a patient with untreated pernicious anemia is characteristically A. 0% B. 0.3% C. <1.0% D. approximately1.8%

C. <1.0%

11. _B____ Folate

9. __A___ Serum haptoglobin–binding capacity

10. _A____ Serum B12

14. _D____ Serum LDH

1. Hemolytic disruption of the erythrocyte involves A. an alteration in the erythrocyte membrane B. a defect of the hemoglobin molecule C. an antibody coating the erythrocyte D. physical trauma

A. an alteration in the erythrocyte membrane

13. _C____ Percent transferrin

15. _C____ Unconjugated bilirubin

Questions 2 and 3: Match the following. A. Destruction of RBCs outside the circulatory blood B. Destruction of RBCs within the circulatory blood

2. _B____ Intravascular hemolysis

Questions 2 and 3: Match the following. A. Destruction of RBCs outside the circulatory blood B. Destruction of RBCs within the circulatory blood

3. _A____ Extravascular hemolysis

Questions 5 through 8: Match the following disorders with the appropriate category of defect (an answer may be used more than once): A. Structural membrane defect B. Erythrocytic enzyme defect C. Defect of the hemoglobin molecule

4. Which of the following tests is not useful in determining increased erythrocyte destruction? A. Reticulocyte count B. Total leukocyte count C. Serum haptoglobin D. Unconjugated bilirubin

B. Total leukocyte count