Chapter 7 Vocabulary Flashcards
Non-energy providing organic essential nutrients that your body needs in small amounts to grow, reproduce, and maintain good health
Vitamins
Substances that neutralize free radicals. Vitamins A, C, and E and beta-carotene are examples
Antioxidants
The process during which oxygen combines with other molecules
Oxidation
Unstable oxygen-containing molecules that can damage the cells of the body and possibly contribute to the increased risk of chronic diseases
Free radicals
A disease that affects the macula of the retina, causing blurry vision
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
A common eye disorder that occurs when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy
Cataracts
Naturally occurring substances in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains that protect against certain chronic diseases
Phytochemicals
The degree to which a nutrient is absorbed from foods and used in the body
Bioavailability
The accumulation of a substance to the level of being poisonous
Toxicity
A very large dose or amount
Megadose
Substances found in foods that can be converted into an active vitamin form in foods
Provitamins
Vitamins that are found in active form in foods
Preformed vitamins
The family or group of substances that include retinol, retinal, and retonoic acid
Retinoids
The form of vitamin A that is readily used by the body
Preformed vitamin A
The most usable form of preformed vitamin A
Retinol
The family of compounds that includes beta-carotene that can be used to made vitamin A in the body
Provitamin A carotenoids
A compound found in the rods of the eye that is needed for night vision
Rhodopsin
The compound found in the cones of the eye that is needed for color vision
Iodopsin
Light-absorbing cells responsible for black-and-white vision and night vision
Rods
Light-absorbing cells responsible for color vision
Cones
When light enters the eye and interacts with and changes rhodopsin
Bleaching
The process that determines what a cell becomes in your body
Cell differentiation
