Chapter 7 Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Non-energy providing organic essential nutrients that your body needs in small amounts to grow, reproduce, and maintain good health

A

Vitamins

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2
Q

Substances that neutralize free radicals. Vitamins A, C, and E and beta-carotene are examples

A

Antioxidants

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3
Q

The process during which oxygen combines with other molecules

A

Oxidation

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4
Q

Unstable oxygen-containing molecules that can damage the cells of the body and possibly contribute to the increased risk of chronic diseases

A

Free radicals

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5
Q

A disease that affects the macula of the retina, causing blurry vision

A

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

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6
Q

A common eye disorder that occurs when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy

A

Cataracts

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7
Q

Naturally occurring substances in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains that protect against certain chronic diseases

A

Phytochemicals

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8
Q

The degree to which a nutrient is absorbed from foods and used in the body

A

Bioavailability

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9
Q

The accumulation of a substance to the level of being poisonous

A

Toxicity

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10
Q

A very large dose or amount

A

Megadose

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11
Q

Substances found in foods that can be converted into an active vitamin form in foods

A

Provitamins

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12
Q

Vitamins that are found in active form in foods

A

Preformed vitamins

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13
Q

The family or group of substances that include retinol, retinal, and retonoic acid

A

Retinoids

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14
Q

The form of vitamin A that is readily used by the body

A

Preformed vitamin A

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15
Q

The most usable form of preformed vitamin A

A

Retinol

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16
Q

The family of compounds that includes beta-carotene that can be used to made vitamin A in the body

A

Provitamin A carotenoids

17
Q

A compound found in the rods of the eye that is needed for night vision

A

Rhodopsin

18
Q

The compound found in the cones of the eye that is needed for color vision

A

Iodopsin

19
Q

Light-absorbing cells responsible for black-and-white vision and night vision

A

Rods

20
Q

Light-absorbing cells responsible for color vision

A

Cones

21
Q

When light enters the eye and interacts with and changes rhodopsin

A

Bleaching

22
Q

The process that determines what a cell becomes in your body

A

Cell differentiation