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Biology of Food > Chapter 4 Objectives > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Objectives Flashcards

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1
Q

Where do carbohydrates come from?

A 
Grains (rice and pastas)
Fruits
Vegetables
Nuts
Legumes (dry beans and peas)
Dairy products
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2
Q

A category of carbohydrates that contain a single sugar unit or two sugar units combined

A

Simple carbohydrates

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3
Q

One sugar unit; monomer or carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

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4
Q

Types of monosaccharides:

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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5
Q

Two sugar units combined

A

Dissacharides

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6
Q

Glucose + glucose

A

Maltose

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7
Q

Glucose + galactose

A

Lactose

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8
Q

Glucose + fructose

A

Sucrose

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9
Q

A category of carbohydrates that contain many sugar units combined

A

Complex carbohydrates

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10
Q

Many sugar units combined

A

Polyssacharides

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11
Q

Stored form of glucose in plants

A

Starch

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12
Q

Stored form of glucose in animals and humans

A

Glycogen

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13
Q

Nondigestible polysaccharide that is linked to satiety

A

Fiber

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14
Q

Minimum amount of carbohydrate needed daily?

A

130 g (6 servings of grains + 3 servings of vegetables + 3 servings of dairy + 2 servings of fruit)

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15
Q

Good sources of carbohydrates:

A

Whole grains

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16
Q

Bad sources of carbohydrates:

A

Refined grains

17
Q

Nondigestible polysaccharides found naturally in foods

A

Dietary fiber

18
Q

The nondigestible polysaccharides that are added to foods because of a specific desired effect on health

A

Functional fiber

19
Q

A type of fiber that dissolves in water and is fermented by intestinal bacteria. Many are viscous and have gummy or thickening properties

A

Soluble fiber

20
Q

A type of fiber that doesn’t dissolve in water and is not fermented by intestinal bacteria

A

Insoluble fiber

21
Q

Reduced-calorie sugar substitutes:

A 
Sorbitol
Mannitol
Xylitol
Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates (HSH)
Tagalose
22
Q

Calorie-free sugar substitutes:

A 
Saccharin
Aspartame
Neotame
Acesulfame-K
Sucralose
Rebaudioside A
Monk fruit
Stevia
23
Q

Autoimmune form of diabetes in which the pancreas does not produce insulin

A

Type 1 Diabetes

24
Q

Form of diabetes characterized by insulin resistance

A

Type 2 Diabetes

Biology of Food (12 decks)

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