Chapter 3 Objectives

Question 1

Breaking food down through chewing and grinding, or moving it through the GI tract with peristalsis

Answer 1

Mechanical digestion

Question 2

Breaking down food with enzymes or digestive juices

Answer 2

Chemical digestion

Question 3

Substances that produce chemical changes or catalyze chemical reactions

Answer 3

Enzymes

Question 4

The process by which digested nutrients move into the tissues where they can be transported and used by the body’s cells

Answer 4

Absorption

Question 5

Organs of the digestive system (in order)

Answer 5

Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

Question 6

Mechanically digests food; first organ of the digestive system

Answer 6

Mouth

Question 7

Passageway for the respiratory (air) and digestive tracts (food and beverages); second organ of the digestive system

Answer 7

Pharynx

Question 8

Tube that extends from the throat to the stomach; mechanically digests food via peristalsis; moves food from pharynx to the stomach; third organ of the digestive system

Answer 8

Esophagus

Question 9

Digestive organ that holds food after it’s been moved down the esophagus and before it’s propelled into the small intestine; mechanically digests food (churning); mixes bolus into chyme; enzymes and digestive juices are secreted to chemically digest food; fourth organ of the digestive system

Answer 9

Stomach

Question 10

Comprised of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; most digestion and absorption occurs here; fifth organ of the digestive system

Answer 10

Small intestine

Question 11

Consists of the cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and rectum; chyme is turned into stool/feces; bacterial action on remaining waste; very little digestion; absorption of water, vitamins, and electrolytes; sixth organ of the digestive system

Answer 11

Large intestine

Question 12

A pear shaped accessory organ located behind the liver; stores bile produced by the liver and secretes bile through the bile duct into the small intestine

Answer 12

Gallbladder

Question 13

The largest gland of the body; aids in digestive activity and is responsible for metabolism of nutrients, detoxification of alcohol, and some nutrient storage

Answer 13

Liver

Question 14

Accessory organ of digestion that produces hormones and enzymes; connected to the duodenum via the bile duct

Answer 14

Pancreas

Question 15

The forward, rhythmic motion that moves food through the digestive system. A form of mechanical digestion because it influences motion, but does not add chemical secretions

Answer 15

Peristalsis

Question 16

A ‘sloshing’ motion that thoroughly mixes chyme with the chemical secretions of the intestine

Answer 16

Segmentation

Question 17

A specific reactant substance which a specific enzyme reacts with under specific conditions

Answer 17

Substrate

Question 18

The substrate and enzyme that react together to form products

Answer 18

Reactants

Question 19

The resulting substances formed after a chemical reaction

Answer 19

Products

Question 20

Enzyme found in saliva and in the pancreas that breaks down carbohydrates

Answer 20

Amylase

Question 21

Enzyme required to break down lactose

Answer 21

Lactase

Question 22

Enzyme that breaks down lipids and fats

Answer 22

Lipase

Question 23

Enzyme that breaks down proteins

Answer 23

Protease
Pepsin
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Carboxypeptidase

Question 24

Enzyme found in the stomach?

Answer 24

Pepsin

Question 25

Enzyme found in saliva?

Answer 25

Salivary amylase

Question 26

Enzymes found in pancreas?

Answer 26

Pancreatic amylase
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Carboxypeptidase

Question 27

Hormone produces in the stomach that stimulates digestive activities and increases motility and emptying

Answer 27

Gastrin

Question 28

Hormone that increases hunger

Answer 28

Ghrelin

Question 29

Hormone that tells the brain to stop eating

Answer 29

Leptin

Question 30

Hormone that allows glucose to enter cells, decreasing blood sugar

Answer 30

Insulin

Question 31

Hormone that increases blood sugar

Answer 31

Glucagon

Question 32

Hormone secreted by the small intestine when acidic chyme enters the duodenum. Stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate ions to neutralize the HCl in chyme.

Answer 32

Secretin

Question 33

A hormone released when the stomach is distended. It is associated with the feeling of satiation

Answer 33

Cholecystokinin

Question 34

Small intestine’s role in digestion:

Answer 34

Absorption of nutrients

Surface area is tremendously increases with circular fold, villi, and microvilli (brush border)

Question 35

Villi and Microvilli’s role in digestion:

Answer 35

Increase surface area in the small intestine for more absorption

Question 36

Blood vessels transport nutrients to the liver

Answer 36

Circulatory system

Question 37

Lymph vessels distribute larger fat molecules into the blood

Answer 37

Lymphatic system

Question 38

A functional disorder that involves changes in colon rhythm

Answer 38

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Question 39

An autoimmune disease of the small intestine that involves the inability to digest the protein gluten

Answer 39

Celiac disease

Question 40

An inflammatory bowel disease involving inflammation and swelling of the intestines

Answer 40

Crohn’s disease

Question 41

Cancer of the colon

Answer 41

Colon cancer