Chapter 1: Intro to Nutrition Vocabulary Flashcards
Compounds in food that sustain your body processes
Nutrients
The measurement of energy in foods
Kilocalories or Calories
The numerous reactions that occur within the cell. The calories in foods are converted to energy in the cells of the body
Metabolism
The science that studies how the nutrients and compounds in goods that you eat nourish and affect your body functions and health.
Nutrition
The energy-containing essential nutrients that you need in higher amounts.
Macronutrients
What classes of nutrients are classified as macronutrients?
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Essential nutrients that you need in smaller quantities
Micronutrients
What classes of nutrients are classified as micronutrients?
Vitamins, minerals, and water.
What are the six classes of nutrients?
Carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals, and water.
How many calories does 1g of carbohydate provide?
4kcal
How many calories does 1g of fat provide?
9kcal
How many calories does 1g of protein provide?
4kcal
Chemical compounds containing carbon
Organic
Substances that speed up chemical reactions in your body
Enzymes
Chemical compounds that don’t contain carbon
Inorganic
Nonnutritive compounds in plant foods that may play a role in fighting chronic diseases
Phytochemicals
The portion of plant foods that isn’t digested in the small intestine
Fiber
Carrying extra weighton your body in relation to your height. Clinically defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 25 to 29.9.
Overweight
Carrying an excessive amount of body fat above the level of being overweight. Clinically defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher
Obesity
A set of disease prevention and health promotion objective for Americans to meet during the second decade of the new millenium.
Healthy People 2020
The opinion of a group of experts based on a collection of information
Consensus
A stepwise process used by scientists based on their observations
Scientific method
A research journal in which follow scientists (peers) review studies to assess if they are accurate and sound before they are published
Peer-reviewed journal
A scientific experiment conducted in a laboratory. Some involve animals
Laboratory experiment
Research that involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship to certain outcomes
Observational research
Research that looks at populations of people; is often observational
Epidmiological research
Research involving at least two groups of subjects
Experimental research
The group given a specific treatment
Experimental group
The group given a placebo
Control group
A sugar pill that has no impact on the individual’s health when ingested
Placebo
An idea generated by scientists based on their observations
Hypothesis
When the scientists and subjects in a research experiment can’t distinguish between the treatments given to the subjects and don’t know which group of subjects received which treatment
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study
A health professional who has completed at least a bachelor’s degree in nutrition from an accredited university or college in the U.S., completed a supervised practice, and passed an exam by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietics (AND)
Registered Dietician Nutritionist (RDN)
The integration of nutrition counseling and dietary changes based on an individual’s medical and health needs to treat a patient’s medical condition
Medical Nutrition Therapy
An individual who may have an undergraduate degree in nutrition but isn’t an RDN.
Public health nutritionist
An individual who has met specified educational and experience criteria deemed necessary by a state licensing board to be considered an expert in the field of nutrition.
Licensed Dietician Nutritionist (LDN)
A generic term with no recognized legal or professional meaning
Nutritionist
A field of study that researches the relationship between nutrition and genomics
Nutritional genomics
The study of genes and gene expression
Genomics
The processing of genetic information to create a specific protein
Gene expression
A project sponsored by the U.S. government to determine the complete set and sequencing of DNA in human cells and identify all human genes
Human Genome Project
Genetic material within cells that directs the synthesis of proteins in the body
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
