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Biology of Food > Chapter 1: Intro to Nutrition Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Intro to Nutrition Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Compounds in food that sustain your body processes

A

Nutrients

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2
Q

The measurement of energy in foods

A

Kilocalories or Calories

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3
Q

The numerous reactions that occur within the cell. The calories in foods are converted to energy in the cells of the body

A

Metabolism

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4
Q

The science that studies how the nutrients and compounds in goods that you eat nourish and affect your body functions and health.

A

Nutrition

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5
Q

The energy-containing essential nutrients that you need in higher amounts.

A

Macronutrients

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6
Q

What classes of nutrients are classified as macronutrients?

A

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

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7
Q

Essential nutrients that you need in smaller quantities

A

Micronutrients

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8
Q

What classes of nutrients are classified as micronutrients?

A

Vitamins, minerals, and water.

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9
Q

What are the six classes of nutrients?

A

Carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals, and water.

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10
Q

How many calories does 1g of carbohydate provide?

A

4kcal

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11
Q

How many calories does 1g of fat provide?

A

9kcal

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12
Q

How many calories does 1g of protein provide?

A

4kcal

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13
Q

Chemical compounds containing carbon

A

Organic

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14
Q

Substances that speed up chemical reactions in your body

A

Enzymes

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15
Q

Chemical compounds that don’t contain carbon

A

Inorganic

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16
Q

Nonnutritive compounds in plant foods that may play a role in fighting chronic diseases

A

Phytochemicals

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17
Q

The portion of plant foods that isn’t digested in the small intestine

A

Fiber

18
Q

Carrying extra weighton your body in relation to your height. Clinically defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 25 to 29.9.

A

Overweight

19
Q

Carrying an excessive amount of body fat above the level of being overweight. Clinically defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher

A

Obesity

20
Q

A set of disease prevention and health promotion objective for Americans to meet during the second decade of the new millenium.

A

Healthy People 2020

21
Q

The opinion of a group of experts based on a collection of information

A

Consensus

22
Q

A stepwise process used by scientists based on their observations

A

Scientific method

23
Q

A research journal in which follow scientists (peers) review studies to assess if they are accurate and sound before they are published

A

Peer-reviewed journal

24
Q

A scientific experiment conducted in a laboratory. Some involve animals

A

Laboratory experiment

25
Q

Research that involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship to certain outcomes

A

Observational research

26
Q

Research that looks at populations of people; is often observational

A

Epidmiological research

27
Q

Research involving at least two groups of subjects

A

Experimental research

28
Q

The group given a specific treatment

A

Experimental group

29
Q

The group given a placebo

A

Control group

30
Q

A sugar pill that has no impact on the individual’s health when ingested

A

Placebo

31
Q

An idea generated by scientists based on their observations

A

Hypothesis

32
Q

When the scientists and subjects in a research experiment can’t distinguish between the treatments given to the subjects and don’t know which group of subjects received which treatment

A

Double-blind, placebo-controlled study

33
Q

A health professional who has completed at least a bachelor’s degree in nutrition from an accredited university or college in the U.S., completed a supervised practice, and passed an exam by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietics (AND)

A

Registered Dietician Nutritionist (RDN)

34
Q

The integration of nutrition counseling and dietary changes based on an individual’s medical and health needs to treat a patient’s medical condition

A

Medical Nutrition Therapy

35
Q

An individual who may have an undergraduate degree in nutrition but isn’t an RDN.

A

Public health nutritionist

36
Q

An individual who has met specified educational and experience criteria deemed necessary by a state licensing board to be considered an expert in the field of nutrition.

A

Licensed Dietician Nutritionist (LDN)

37
Q

A generic term with no recognized legal or professional meaning

A

Nutritionist

38
Q

A field of study that researches the relationship between nutrition and genomics

A

Nutritional genomics

39
Q

The study of genes and gene expression

A

Genomics

40
Q

The processing of genetic information to create a specific protein

A

Gene expression

41
Q

A project sponsored by the U.S. government to determine the complete set and sequencing of DNA in human cells and identify all human genes

A

Human Genome Project

42
Q

Genetic material within cells that directs the synthesis of proteins in the body

A

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Biology of Food (12 decks)

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