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Pathology > Chapter 7: Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Malrotation

A

Unnatural position of the intestines caused by failure of normal rotation during embryologic development.

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2
Q

Medullary Sponge Kidney

A

A congenital anomaly of the urinary system in which the only visible abnormality is the dilation of the medullary and papillary portions of the collecting ducts, usually bilaterally.

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3
Q

Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor)

A

A rapidly developing malignancy of the kidneys, usually affecting children before age 5 years.

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4
Q

Which of the following statements are true of renal calculi?

  1. Precipitation of solutes out of urine is the pathogenesis of renal calculi.
  2. Renal colic causes referred pain into the subscapular area or epigastrium.
  3. Stones tend to be asymptomatic until they move or cause an obstruction.

A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1, 2 and 3

A

B. 1 and 3

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5
Q

Crossed ectopy

A

A condition in which one kidney lies across the body midline and is fused to the other kidney

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6
Q

Cryoablation

A

A process that uses extreme cold to remove tissue

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7
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of the bladder as a result of its infection

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8
Q 
Which of the following procedures may be performed to image a nonfunctioning kidney?
1. Computed tomography 
2. Intravenous urography
3. Renal sonography
A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1, 2, and 3
A

B

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9
Q

Renal Failure

A

the end result of a chronic process that gradually results in lost kidney function

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10
Q

Ectopic Kidney

A

A kidney that is out of its normal position usually lower than normal

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11
Q

Foley Catheter

A

A catheter that is placed through the urethra and regained in urinary bladder by a balloon that is inflated with air or fluid

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12
Q

Horseshoe Kidney

A

A condition in which the lower poles of the kidney are joined across midline by a band of soft tissue, resulting in a rotation anomaly on one or both sides

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13
Q 
Gradual and chronic deterioration of the renal parenchyma eventually results in 
A. Glomerulonephritis
B. Polycystic kidney disease
C. Renal Calculi
D. Renal failure
A

D. Renal failure

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14
Q

Supernumerary kidney

A

A relatively rare anomaly consisting of the presence of a third, small rudimentary kidney

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15
Q

Suprapubic catheter

A

A urinary catheter that is placed into the urinary bladder through the skin in the suprapubic area to allow drainage of urine

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16
Q

Which of the following statements are true regarding the anatomy and function of the urinary system?

  1. The amount of urine formed in a typical day is about 1 to 1.5 L.
  2. Urine is formed and excreted in the nephron, the microscopic unit of the kidney.
  3. The left kidney lies lower than the right because of the spleen’s presence above it.
    a. 1 and 2
    b. 1 and 3
    c. 2 and 3
    d. 1, 2, and 3
A

A

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17
Q

Nephrosclerosis:

Additive, subtractive, both or neither

A

Neither

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18
Q

Nephrocalcinosis:

Additive, subtractive, both or neither

A

Additive

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19
Q

Urethral valves

A

Congenital presence of mucosal folds that protrude into the posterior urethra, which may cause significant obstruction to urine flow.

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20
Q

Urinary meatus

A

The urethra opens to the exterior of the body via the ____

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21
Q

Review question 5: which of the following statements are true of urinary system anomalies?

  1. Crossed ectopic exists when on kidney lies across the midline, fused to the other.
  2. Nephroptosis and a pelvic kidney are identical conditions.
  3. Ureteroceles are ureteral dilations near the ureter’s termination.
    a. 1 and 2
    b. 1 and 3
    c. 2 and 3
    d. 1, 2, and 3
A

b. 1 and 3

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22
Q

Rental cell carcinoma: additive/subtractive/both/neither

A

Neither

23
Q

Nephroblastoma: additive/subtractive/both/neither

A

Neither

24
Q

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

A

The most common of all bacterial infections, a UTI is an infection in the urinary tract usually caused by a gram-negative bacillus, which invaded by an ascending route through the urethra to the bladder to the kidney.

25
Q

Vesicoureteral Reflux

A

The backward flow of urine out of the bladder and into the ureters.

26
Q 
Vesicoureteral reflux refers to the backward flow of urine into the:
A: Bladder
B: Major calyx
C: Ureters
D: Urethra 
E: Any of the above
A

C: Ureters

27
Q

Bladder Carcinoma: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

Neither

28
Q

Neurogenic Bladder

A

A bladder dysfunction caused by interference with the nerve impulses concerned with urination.

29
Q

Bladder diverticula

A

A pouch in the wall of the urinary bladder.

30
Q

Bladder trabeculae

A

Roughening of the normally smooth bladder wall.

31
Q

Bright disease

A

An inflammatory reaction of the renal parenchyma caused by an antigen antibody reaction in the glomeruli.

32
Q

What condition can make the kidneys appear smaller than normal?

A

Atrophy following obstruction. , chronic pyelonephritis, and hypoplasia.

33
Q

Pyuria

A

The presence of pus in urine, created by its drainage from renal abscesses into the kidney’s collecting tubules

34
Q

Radiofrequency Ablations

A

A process that uses radiofrequency waves to remove tissue

35
Q

Renal Agenesis

A

The absence of the kidney on one side, with an unusually large kidney on the other side

36
Q

Congenital Anomalies: Additive/ Subtractive/Neither/Both

A

Neither

37
Q

Lower Urinary Tract Anomalies: Additive/ Subtractive/ Both/Neither

A

Neither

38
Q

Ureteral Stents

A

Are placed surgically or via cystoscopy, with upper portion of the stent in the renal pelvis and the lower portion within the urinary bladder. Stent maintains patency of the diseased ureter and enables urine to flow normally.

39
Q

Ureterocele

A

Is a cystlike dilation of a ureter near its opening into the bladder.

40
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

A familial kidney disorder in which innumerable tiny cysts that are present congenitally gradually enlarge during aging to compress and eventually destroy normal tissues

41
Q

pyelonephritis

A

Bacterial infection of the kidney and its pelvis

42
Q

Statements true about neoplastic diseases of the urinary systems.

A
  1. Chronic inflammation from obstruction may result in adenocarcinoma.
  2. Early excision of nephroblastoma has shown very high cure rate.
43
Q 
Horseshoe kidney is an anomaly 
A. Fusion
B. Number 
C. Position
D. size
A

A. Fusion

44
Q

Hydronephrosis: Additive/ subtractive/both/neither

A

additive

45
Q

Renal Cyst: additive/Subtractive/both/neither

A

subtractive

46
Q

Staghorn Calculus

A

A large renal calculus that assumes the shape of the pelvicalyceal junction, resembling the horn of a stag

47
Q

1.A malignant tumor of the kidney generally occurring in children under 5 years of age is?

A

D.Nephroblastoma

48
Q

Pyelonephritis: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

Neither

49
Q

Cystitis:Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

Additive (If reflux is present)

50
Q

Nephroptosis

A

Prolapse of kidney

51
Q

Nephrosclerosis

A

Intimal thickening of predominately the small vessels of the kidney as a result of reduced blood flow through arteriosclerosis renal vasculature

52
Q

Nephrostomy tube

A

A tube inserted through the abdominal wall into the renal pelvis to drain urine

53
Q 
Significant dilation of the renal pelvis and calves as a result of an obstruction from a stone is characteristic of:
A) hydronephrosis
B) renal failure
C) nephroblastoma
D) vesicoureterap reflux
A

A) hydronephrosis

Pathology (8 decks)

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