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Pathology > Chapter 12: Traumatic Disease > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Traumatic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What level trauma center demonstrates an ability to provide prompt assessment, resuscitation, surgery, intensive care and stabilization of injured patients and emergency operations.. also 24 hour immediate coverage by emergency medicine physicians and the prompt availability of general surgeons..?

A

LEVEL III

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2
Q

What level trauma center demonstrates an ability to provide advanced trauma life support prior to transfer of patients to a higher level trauma center. Also has a basic emergency department and 24 hour lab coverage …?

A

LEVEL IV

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3
Q

What fracture is a breaks in the bone that transverse the full thickness of the skull from outer to inner table?

A

LINEAR FRACTURES

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4
Q

Atelectasis

A

Loss of air in a lung resulting from a partial or total collapse of a lung

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5
Q

Growth plate fracture

A

A fracture that involves the end of a long bone of a child and that may be limited to growth plate cartilage or extend into the metaphysis, epiphysis, or both.

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6
Q

Hangman’s fracture

A

A fracture of the arch of the second cervical vertebra, usually accompanied by anterior subluxation of the second cervical vertebra on the third cervical vertebra; also known as atraumatic spondylosis; such fractures usually result from acute hyperextension of the head.

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7
Q

Hematoma

A

A localized collection of blood in an organ, space, or tissue as a result of a break in the wall of a blood vessel.

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8
Q

Traumatic brain injury

A

Damage to the brain from an external mechanical force such as rapid acceleration or deceleration associated with neurologic deficits

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9
Q

Whiplash

A

Hyperextension-flexion injury of the spine

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10
Q 
A fracture that heals in a faulty position is termed a: 
A. Callus
B. Delayed union
C. Malunion
D. Nonunion
A

C

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11
Q

Blowout fracture

A

A fracture of the orbital floor resulting from a direct blow to the front of the orbit with the force of the blow transferred to the orbital walls and floor.

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12
Q

Closed fracture

A

A fracture that does not produce an open wound.

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13
Q

Closed reduction

A

Manipulation of bone fragments to reduce a dislocation or fracture without surgical intervention.

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14
Q

Avascular necrosis commonly affects the?

A

Shoulder

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15
Q

Occult Fracture

A

A fracture that gives clinical signs of its presence without radiologic evidence; follow-up within 10 days reveals bones reabsorption or displacement at the fracture site.

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16
Q

Open or Compound Fracture

A

A fracture in which the bone ends penetrate the soft tissue and skin, creating an opening to the exterior of the body.

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17
Q

Open Reduction

A

Manipulation of bone fragments to reduce a dislocation or fracture with surgical intervention.

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18
Q

Impacted Fracture

A

A fracture in which fragments of one end of a broken bone are wedged or driven into the other end of the bone.

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19
Q

Luxation

A

A dislocation of vertebra

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20
Q

Noncomminuted fracture

A

A fracture in which the bones do not break in multiple pieces or fragments

21
Q

Nonaccidental trauma

A

Child abuse cases, fractured ribs , etc

22
Q

Coup lesion

A

A contusion formed on the side of the head on which trauma occurs.

23
Q

Depressed fracture

A

A fracture of the skull in which a fragment is depressed inward.

24
Q

Dislocation

A

The displacement of any part out of contact with it’s normal articulation.

25
Q

Review question 9: demonstration of a pneumothorax is best accomplished by making the exposure with the patient in the:

a. Erect, lateral position
b. Lateral decubitus position
c. Erect posteroanterior (PA) position on expiration
d. Erect PA position on inspiration

A

C. Erect posteroanterior (PA) position on expiration

26
Q

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

A separation of the femoral head and shaft occurring through the epiphyseal plate

27
Q

Stress fractures

A

A fracture that occurs at a site of maximal strain on a bone, usually connected with some unaccustomed activity(also known as a march, stress, or insufficiency fracture)

28
Q

A fracture of the skeletal system in which the bone has penetrated the skin is termed:

a. Closed
b. Comminuted
c. Noncomminuted
d. Open

A

d. Open

29
Q

Subluxation

A

An incomplete or partial dislocation

30
Q

Torus fracture

A

A fracture in which the cortex folds back on itself, with little or no displacement of the lower end of the bone

31
Q

Fractures that occur at sites of maximal strain on a bone, usually in connection with unaccustomed activity, are classified as __________ fractures.

A. Avulsion
B. Fatigue
C. Growth plate
D. Stress

A

Fatigue

32
Q

Concussion

A

Brief loss of consciousness as a result of a blow to the head.

33
Q

Contrecoup lesion

A

A contusion formed on the opposite side of the skull in reference to a trauma site.

34
Q

Contusions

A

An injury in which the tissue is bruised but not broken.

35
Q

Penetrating chest trauma could lead to a?

A

Pneumothorax

36
Q

Legg-calve perches diseases

A

Osteonecrosis of the head of the femur due to poor blood supply

37
Q

Level 1 trauma centers

A

The primary hospitals in the trauma system capable of providing total care for all injuries

38
Q

Level 2 trauma center

A

Hospitals which provide care for all but the most critical patients who may need cardiac surgery l, microvascular surgery

39
Q

Pneumoperitoneum

A

The presence of free air in the peritoneum.

40
Q

Pneumothorax

A

occurs when free air is trapped in the pleural space and compresses lung tissue.

41
Q

Incomplete fractures

A

A fracture in which only a part of the bony structure gives way, with little or no displacement

42
Q

Jefferson Fracture

A

A burst fracture of the vertebral arch resulting from a severe axial force that causes comppression, as in a diving accident.

43
Q 
Review question 1.
A contusion formed on the side of the head where trauma occurs is called a 
a. concussion
b. contrecoup lesion
c. coup lesion
d. spondylosis
A

coup lesion

44
Q

Avulsion Fractures

A

A fracture in which a fragmented bone is pulled away from the shaft, usually occurring around a logament or tendon and often with muscle tearing, as is associated with a sprain or dislocation

45
Q

Basilar Skull fracture

A

A fracture of bones comprising the base of the skull and may include the occipital bone, sphenoid, ethmoid, and temporal bones

46
Q
  1. Shoulder dislocations are most commonly displaced:
A

A. Anteriorly

47
Q

Fatigue fractures

A

A fracture which occurs due to repeated ir unusual stress

48
Q

Fracture

A

The breaking ir rupturing of bone caused by mechanical forces either applied to the bone or transmitted directly along the line if the bone

49
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

A fracture in which the cortex breaks on one side without separation or breaking if the opposing cortex

Pathology (8 decks)

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