Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathology > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Sequalae

A

Conditions resulting from a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prevalence

A

A statistical measure that refers to the number of cases of a disease found in a given population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Syndrome

A

A group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a specific abnormal disturbance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Traumatic

A

Pertaining to the effects of a wound or injury, whether physical or psychological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Virulence

A

The ease with which an organism overcomes body defenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Genetic Mapping

A

A map assigning deoxyribonucleic (DNA) fragments to chromosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Manifestations

A

Observable changes resulting from cellular changes in the disease process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Metaplasia

A

Conversion of a specific type of tissue into a different kind of tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Metastatic spread

A

The spread of cancer cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which of the following terms refers to abnormal changes in mature cells?

A

Dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in number of cells and tissue resulting in an increased organ size without the presence of a tumor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Iatrogenic

A

Pertains to any adverse condition that occurs in a patient as a result of medical treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mortality Rate

A

Is the average number of deaths caused by a particular disease in a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Autoantibodies

A

Antibody acting against its own tissue or organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Autoimmune Disorders

A

Disease in which antibodies form against and injure the patient’s own tissues, in contrast to the normal process in which antibodies form in response to foreign antigens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Benign Neoplasm

A

A localized tumor of well-differentiated cells that does not invade surrounding tissue or metastasize to distant areas within the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Morphology

A

The form and structure of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Idiopathic

A

Having no identifiable causative factor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. If 4000 cases of a given disease are found in a given population, the _______ of the disease is defined.
    a. Incidence
    b. Morphology
    c. Metabolism
    d. Prevalence
A

d. Prevalence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Degenerative

A

Refers to deterioration of the body usually associated with the aging process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Diagnosis

A

The name of a disease an individual is believed to have.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Disease

A

Any abnormal disturbance of the normal function or structure of a body part, organ, or system; may display a variety of manifestations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q 
Sickness sufficient to interfere with normal daily routines is termed:
A: Etiology 
B: Morbidity
C: Mortality
D: Pathogenesis
A

B: Morbidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Invasion

A

The prolapse of a segment of bowel into a distal segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Lesion

A

General term used to describe the various types of cellular changes that can occur in response to a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Leukemia

A

A malignant disease of the leukocytes and their precursor cells in blood and bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A neoplasticism growth is evaluated to determine its degree of histologic differentiation. This is termed:

A. Grading
B. Metastasis
C. Morphology
D. Staging

A

Grading

28
Q

A DNA sequence variation occurring when a single nucleotide in the genome differs between members of a biological species or paired chromosomes in an individual

A

SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPs)

29
Q

A type of tumor, often highly malignant, composed of a substance similar to embryonic connective tissue

A

Sarcoma

30
Q

Traveling of cancerous cells to a distant site or distant organ

A

SEEDING

31
Q

An objective manifestation of disease that is detected by the physician during examination

A

SIGN

32
Q

Any subjective evidence of a disease as perceived by the patient

A

SYMPTOM

33
Q

A compression fracture of the lumbar spine that results from steroid treatments for pain reduction of arthritis would be an example of ____________ disease.

a. Degenerative
b. Iatrogenic
c. Idiopathic
d. Traumatic

A

b. Iatrogenic

34
Q

Carcinoma

A

A malignant growth composed of epithelial cells that tends to invade surrounding tissues and give rise to metastasis

35
Q

Chronic

A

Presenting slowly and persisting over a long period of time

36
Q

Congenital

A

Existing at, and usually before, birth and resulting from genetic or environmental factors

37
Q 
Review question three:
A disease such as Tay-Sachs syndrome that is transmitted genetically is termed:
a. Congenital 
b. Hereditary 
c. Metabolic
d. Neoplastic
A

B

38
Q

Neoplastic

A

Pertaining to new, abnormal tissue growth

39
Q

Morbidity Rate

A

The incidence of sickness sufficient to interfere with an individual’s normal daily routine

40
Q

Acute

A

Having a quick onset and lasting a short period of time with a relatively severe course

41
Q

Pathogenesis

A

Refers to the sequence of events producing cellular changes that ultimately leading to observable changes.

42
Q

Asymptomatic

A

Showing or causing no identifiable symptoms

43
Q

Atrophy

A

A reduction in size or a wasting of cells, tissues, or organs as a result of poor nutrition or nonuse

44
Q

Hematogenous Spread

A

Spread through the blood

45
Q

Physical mapping

A

A form of genetic mapping based on direct analysis of DNA , in which the physical distance between DNA, fragments are measured. This is used to assign DNA fragments to specific chromosomes.

46
Q

Hereditary

A

Genetically transferred from ethier parent to child & derived from ancestors

47
Q

Prognosis

A

The prediction of course and outcome for a given disease.

48
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Overdevelopment

49
Q

The prediction of the course and end of a disease and an outlook based on that prediction best define its:

A) Diagnosis
B) Etiology
C) Prognosis
D) Syndrome

A

C) Prognosis

50
Q

Genome

A

The entirety of an organism’s hereditary information, including both the genes and the non-coding sequences of DNA and ribonucleic acid

51
Q

Haplotype

A

A combination of DNA sequences at adjacent locations on the chromosome that are transmitted together

52
Q

A disease that manifests slowly and is present for a long period is said to be?

A

Chronic

53
Q 
Review Question #7: Which of the following disease classifications is usually associated with the normal aging process? 
A. Congenital
B. Degenerative
C.Inflammatory
D. Metabolic
A

B. Degenerative

54
Q

Nosocomial

A

Originating or taking place in a hospital, acquired in a hospital, especially in reference to an infection.

55
Q

Incidence

A

A statistical measure that refers to the number of new cases of a disease found in a given period of time.

56
Q

Infection

A

An inflammatory process caused by exposure to some disease-causing organism.

57
Q

Inflammatory

A

Refers to the body process of destroying, diluting, or walling off a localized injurious agent.

58
Q

Lymphatic spread

A

Spread through the lymphatic system.

59
Q

Lymphoma

A

Neoplasticism growth in the lymphatic system.

60
Q

Malignant neoplasm

A

A lesion that grows, spreads, and invades other tissues.

61
Q

Generalized increase in cell size refers to?

A

Hyperplasia

62
Q 
Review Question 5:
Which of the following would be considered a symptom of a disease process?
A. Bloody stool
B. Nausea
C. Skin Rash
D. Swelling
A

B. Nausea

63
Q

Dysplasia

A

the abnormal growth or development of a tissue or organ.

64
Q

Etiology

A

The cause or origin of the disease

65
Q

Epidemiology

A

Study and control of disease or injury patterns in human populations

66
Q

Review Question 9:

The relative ease with which an organism can overcome normal bodily defenses refers to its: 
A. Infection 
B. Necrosis 
C. Pestilence 
D. Virulence
A

D. Virulence.

Pathology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions