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Pathology > Chapter 3: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

The process of air movement into and out of the lungs

A

VENTILATION

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2
Q

Pneumonia caused by a virus, spread by an infected person to a non immune individual

A

VIRAL PNEUMONIA

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3
Q

What is bronchiectasis? Is it additive/subtractive/both/neither?

A

Chronic dilation of the brochi, with inflammation and destruction of bronchial walls and cilia

It is ADDITIVE

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4
Q

Mediastinal emphysema

A

The presence of air or gas in the mediastinum as a result of leakage of air from the bronchial tree.

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5
Q

Miliary tuberculosis

A

Type of tuberculosis caused by hematogenous spread of the disease, with a characteristic appearance similar to millet seeds, which are small, white grains.

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6
Q

Which of the following is the most common type of bacterial pneumonia?

A) Aspiration pneumonia
B) Legionnaires’ disease
C) Pneumococcal pneumonia
D) Streptococcal pneumonia

A

C) Pneumococcal pneumonia

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7
Q

Sinusitis

Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

Additive

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8
Q

Hemothorax

A

Pleural effusion containing blood

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9
Q

Hypercapnia

A

A condition of high carbon dioxide blood levels usually associated with hypoventilation or lung disease

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10
Q 
An infant born after only 6 months of gestation could have: 
A. Cystic fibrosis
B. Hyaline membrane disease
C. Mediastinal emphysema
D. Pectus excavatum
A

B. Hyaline membrane disease

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11
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleura with exudation into the pleural cavity and on its surface. Neither additive or subtractive

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12
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

A

Designation applied to conditions that result in pulmonary obstruction most commonly chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema.

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13
Q

Coin lesion

A

Small solitary round nodules in the lung tissue.

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14
Q

By use of what radiographic position can bony structures such as clavicles be removed from the apices of the lungs?

A

Lordotic

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15
Q

Pneumoconioses

A

Additive

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16
Q

Aspiration Pneumonia

A

Pneumonia caused by the entrance of foreign particles (e.g Vomitus) aspirated into the lower respiratory tract.

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17
Q

Hypoxemia

A

A condition in which arterial blood is insufficiently oxygenated.

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18
Q

Legionnaires’ Disease

A

Severe bacterial pneumonia named for its outbreak at an American Legion convention in Pennsylvania in 1976.

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19
Q 
Lack of respiratory function or lack of proper oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange best describes:
A: Cardiac Arrest
B: Cardiac Arrhythmia
C: Respiratory Failure
D: Tachypnea
A

C: Respiratory Failure

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20
Q

Pleural Effusion: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

Additive

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21
Q

Pneumoconioses

A

A group of occupational diseases characterized by permanent deposits of particulate matter in the lungs and by resultant pulmonary fibrosis

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22
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Congential Disorder affecting exocrine gland function, with respiratory effects, including excessive secretions and obstruction of bronchial system

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23
Q

Progressive Disseminated Histoplasmosis

A

A respiratory disease endemic in the mississippi and Ohio river valleys caused by a fungal infection

24
Q

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

A

A contagious bacterial infection of the lungs caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

25
Q 
The most common etiologic factor in the development of bronchogenic carcinoma is :
A. Automobile emissions 
B. Cigarette Smoke
C. Dust
D. Iatrogenic Treatment
A

B. Cigarette Smoke

26
Q

Diffusion

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the alveoli of the lungs

27
Q

The “sail sign” in an infant is commonly associated with the enlargement of the

A

Thymus

28
Q

Fungal disease: additive/subtractive/both/neither

A

Additive due to the calcification of nodes over time

29
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia

A

The most common form of primary atypical pneumonia, occurring most frequently in young adults.

30
Q

Pleural effusion

A

A collection of excess fluid in the pleural cavity

31
Q
  1. Loss of elasticity of the bronchial walls as a result of bacterial infection may result in:
    a. Bronchiectasis
    b. Bronchogenic carcinoma
    c. Pneumococcal pneumonia
    d. Tuberculosis
A

a. Bronchiectasis

32
Q

Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Additive/Subtractive/ Both/ Neither

A

Additive

33
Q

Transudates

A

Pleural effusions may also result from microvascular changes such as those associated with heart failure or ascites

34
Q

Tuberculosis

A

An infection caused by inhalation of mycrobacterium tuberculosis

35
Q

Pneumonias

Additive/subtractive/both/neither

A

Additive

36
Q

Sinusitis

A

Inflammation of a sinus, which may be purulent to or nonpurulent and acute or chronic.

37
Q

Subcutaneous emphysema

A

The presence of air or gas in the subcutaneous tissues of the body.

38
Q

Hyaline Membrane Disease: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

Additive

39
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome

A

A respiratory disorder of infants born at less than 37-week gestation caused by incomplete maturation of the surfactant-producing system.

40
Q

Respiratory failure

A

Failure of the lungs to ventilate.

41
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Chronic dilatation of the bronchi, with inflammation and destruction of bronchial walls and cilia

42
Q

Bronchial Carcinoma

A

Carcinoma of the lung that arises from the epithelium of the bronchial tree

43
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

A chronic inflammation of the bronchi

44
Q

COPD

Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

Subtractive

45
Q

Cystic fibrosis: additive/subtractive/both

A

Additive

46
Q

Emphysema

A

A lung condition characterized by an increase in the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles and with destruction of alveolar walls

47
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleura with exudation into the pleural cavity and on its surface.

48
Q

Exudates

A

Pus, cellular debris, or clear fluid that leaks out of the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues.

49
Q

Pneumococcal pneumonia

A

the most common bacterial pneumonia generally affecting an entire lobe of lung.

50
Q

Posterior and mediastinal masses most commonly originate from _____ tissue

A) Lymphatoc
B) Nervous
C) Thymus
D) Thyroid

A

B) Nervous

51
Q

Lung Absess: Additive or Subtractive?

A

Additive

52
Q

Pneumonia

A

The most frequent type of lung infection, resulting in an inflammation of the lung with compromised pulmonary function

53
Q

9: An accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity is know as a(n)

A

B:Empyema

54
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic inflammation of the bronchi resulting in hyper-responsiveness and airway obstruction

55
Q

Bronchial carcinoid

A

a neuroendocrine malignant tumor situated in the submucosal

56
Q

Tuberculosis: additive/ subtractive/ both/ neither

A

A disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but they can also damage other parts of the parts of the body.
Additive due to small opaque spots throughtout the lungs.

57
Q 
Review question 8
Pulmonary fibrosis resulting from occupational inhaled dusts is a characteristic of
A. Atelectasis
B. Chronic bronchitis
C. Pleural Effusion
D. Pneumoconiosis
A

D. Pneumoconiosis

Pathology (8 decks)

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