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Pathology > Chapter 2: Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Albers-Schonberg Disease

A

A form of osteosclerotic osteopetrosis; a benign skeletal anomaly that involves increased bone density in conjunction with fairly normal bone contour.

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2
Q

Anencephaly

A

Congenital absence of the cranial vault.

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3
Q

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

A

A solitary benign osteoplastic serum or blood-filled lesion of the bone.

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4
Q

Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

A form of rheumatoid arthritis of unknown cause that affects the spine in a progressive fashion, eventually fusing the spine into a rigid block of bone.

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5
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

Subtractive

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6
Q

Achondroplasia

Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

Neither

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7
Q

Epiphysis

A

Articular cartilage, spongy or Cancellous bone, compact bone

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8
Q

Escherichia coli

A

A gram-negative bacterium found in the large intestine that may produce a toxin causing intestinal illness

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9
Q

Ewing sarcoma

A

A primary malignant bone tumor arising in medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones

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10
Q

Exostoses

A

A benign bone growth, projecting outward from the boney cortex

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11
Q

Tuberculosis: additive, subtractive, both?

A

Subtractive

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12
Q
  1. The end portion of a long bone is referred to as the?
A

Epiphysis

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13
Q

Reiter Syndrome

A

A group of symptoms associated with complications of urethritis.

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14
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

A chronic systemic disease primarily of joints characterized by an overgrowth of synovial tissues and articular structures and progressive destruction of cartilage bone and supporting structures.

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15
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

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16
Q

Sequestrum

A

A piece of dead devascularized bone that separates from living bone during the process of necrosis.

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17
Q

Osteoma

A

A benign neoplasm of the bone

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18
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Infection of the bone, most often caused by Staphylococcus, which may localize or spread to bone to involve marrow and other bone tissue.

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19
Q

unicameral: additive/subtractive/both/neither

A

Subtractive

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20
Q

Osteopetrosis

A

A hereditary disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, likely resulting from faulty bone reabsorption.

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21
Q

Osteophytes

A

Osseous outgrowths(Spurs)

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22
Q

Involucrum

A

A shell or sheath of new supporting bone laid down by periosteum around a sequestrum of necrosed bone.

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23
Q

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

A form of rheumatoid arthritis which affects children.

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24
Q

Medullary canal

A

Inner spongy or cancellous portion of a long bone where bone marrow is produced.

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25
Q

Metaphysis

A

The growing portion of bone.

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26
Q

Review Question 6:

The most common inherited disorder that results in dwarfism is:
A. Achondroplasia 
B. Albers-Schönberg disease 
C. Osteogenesis 
D. Spina bifida imperfecta
A

A. Achondroplasia

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27
Q

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is referred to as:

a. Ankylosis spondylitis
b. Scoliosis
c. Spondylolisthesis
d. Spondylolysis

A

b. Scoliosis

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28
Q

Osteoarthritis: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

Subtractive

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29
Q

Osteoarthritis affects the weight bearing joints within the body and may be treated with?

A

Exercise Medication Surgery.

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30
Q

Osteochondroma

A

Additive

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31
Q

Clubfoot

A

Deformity of the foot involving the Talus.

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32
Q

Simple Unicameral Bone Cyst

A

A benign, fluid filled bone neoplasm

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33
Q

Spinal Bifida

A

A developmental anomaly characterized by incomplete closure of the vertebral canal, through which the choriomeninges may or may not protrude

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34
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Forward displacement of one vertebra over another (commonly occurring at the L5-S1 junction), usually caused by a developmental defect in the pars interarticularis

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35
Q

Spondylolysis

A

A condition marked by a cleft or breaking down of the body of a vertebra between the superior and inferior articular processes

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36
Q

Osteoma: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

Additive

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37
Q 
The type of arthritis believed to be an auto-immune disease is:
A. Bursitis
B. Gout
C. Osteoarthritis
D. Rheumatoid Arthritis
38
Q

Compact Bone

A

Dense, outer portion of bone.

39
Q

Craniosynostosis

A

Premature or early closure of the sutures of the skull.

40
Q

Craniotubular Dysplasias

A

An overgrowth of bone of the face and skull resulting in sclerosis and major skeletal deformities.

41
Q 
A freely moveable joint is classified as: 
A: Amphiarthrodial
B: Diarthrodial
C: Synarthrodial 
D: Triarthridial
A

B: Diarthrodial

42
Q

Ancephaly: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

43
Q

Ganglion

A

Cystic swelling that develops in connection with a tendon sheath, usually on the back of the wrist

44
Q

Giant Cell Tumors

A

A neoplasticism growth of the skeletal system consisting of numerous multinucleated osteoclasts giant cells; also called osteoclastoma

45
Q

Gouty Arthritis

A

An inherited, metabolic disorder with excess amounts of Utica acid produced and deposited in the joint and adjacent bone, most commonly in the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of the great toe

46
Q

Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna

A

A thickening of the inner side of the frontal bone due to a benign tumor

47
Q

One of the most common primary malignant rumors of the skeleton that arises from osteoblasts is:

A. Giant cell tumor
B. Osteoid osteoma
C. Osteosarcoma
D. Osteochondroma

A

Osteosarcoma

48
Q

Psoriatic Arthritis: additive/ subtractive/ both/ neither

A

Additive (healing)

49
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Gram-positive micrococcaceae commonly present on skin and mucous membranes

50
Q

Syndactyly

A

A webbing or fusion of digits

51
Q

Tendonitis

A

Inflammation of a tendon

52
Q

Which type of the following neoplastic diseases affects children more frequently than adults?

a. Chondrosarcoma
b. Ewing sarcoma
c. Osteochondroma
d. Osteoclastoma

A

B. Ewing sarcoma

53
Q

Osteoclastomas

A

A tumor that is usually benign and characterized by osteolytic areas, most commonly found around the knee and wrist of young adults and composed of numerous, multinucleated osteoclasts; also called giant cell tumors

54
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Cells that are associated with absorption and removal of bone.

55
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

A congenital disease in which the bones are abnormally brittle and subject to fractures.

56
Q

Osteoid osteoma

A

A benign tumor of bonelike structure that develops on a bone and sometimes on other structures.

57
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis: additive/subtractive/ neither/ both

A

Additive, due to the calcification of the joint spaces.

58
Q

The formation of extra digits is termed?

A

Polydactyly

59
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation in which lesions are confined to joints

60
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of the bursa of the tendons, with the subdeltoid bursa as the most common site

61
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Bone that has spongy, lattice-like structure filled by bone marrow

62
Q

Chondrosarcomas

A

A malignant bone tumor composed of atypical cartilage

63
Q

Osteopetrosis: an additive or subtractive pathology?

64
Q

Reiter Syndrome: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

Neither. You do not usually have it for a long time.

65
Q

Psoriatic arthritis

A

An inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis of the skin. Psoriatic can affect any joint and over time can cause joint damage. Rheumatoid,

Imaging modality of choice: radiography and labs

Both, subtractive,. Normally due to the breakdown of joints and joints, but additive if if healing due to calcium deposits.

66
Q 
Specialized cells responsible of the formation of bone are termed:
A) chondroblasts
B) osteoblasts
C) osteoclasts
D) both b and c
A

B) osteoblasts

67
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

A primary malignancy of the bone usually arising in the metaphysis, most commonly around the knee.
Imaging: radiography and MRI
Additive, produces immature bone replacing healthy bone, growing aggressively.

68
Q

Gouty arthritis

A

An inherited, metabolic disorder with excess amounts of uric acid produced and deposited in the joint and adjacent bone most commonly in the Mtp joint of the great toe.
Radiography
Subtractive, uric acid causesbjoint detorioration.

69
Q

Transitional Vertebra

A

A vertebra that assumes the characteristics of the vertebrae on each side of a major spine division

70
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Any of the infectious diseases of man and animals caused by Myobacterium tuberculois, generally affecting the lungs in the human body

71
Q

Whiplash

A

Hyperextension-flexion injury of the spine

72
Q

Osteoblastoma

A

Tumors of the bone arisings from osteoblasts-Subtractive

73
Q

Giant Cell Tumor

A

A neoplastic growth of the skeletal system consisting of numerous multinucleated osteoclastic giant cells- Subtractive

74
Q

Ewing Sarcoma

A

A primary malignant bone tumor arising in medullary tissue, occuring more often in cydlindric bone-BOTH

75
Q 
All of the following are malignant neoplasms of the skeletal sysyem except:
A:Chondrosarcoma
B:Ewing Sarcoma
C: Osteosarcoma
D:Osteoma
A

D. Osteoma

76
Q

Polydactyly

A

The presence of more than five digits.

E

77
Q

Potts disease

A

A fracture of the lower part of the fibula involving both malleoli with dislocation of the ankle joint. Radiography

Subtractive, causes softening and eventually collapse of the vertebrae.

78
Q

Osteomyelitis is a disease of the skeletal system that is

A

Inflammatory

79
Q

The spongy bone tissue found between the two tables of the cranial bones

80
Q

The shaft of a long bone

81
Q

An abnormal development of the hip joint which results in a misalignment of the femoral head and the acetabulum

A

DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP

82
Q

A benign growth of cartilage arising in the metaphysis of a bone

A

ENDOCHONDROMA

83
Q

Osteomyelitis; additive/subtractive/both/neither ?

A

It is an infection of bone caused by staph.

It is SUBTRACTIVE, due to loss of tissue and bone calcium

84
Q

Bone marrow is located anatomically within the:

a. ) cortex
b. ) medullary canal
c. ) periosteum
d. ) trabeculae

A

b.) medullary canal

85
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

Inflammation of the tendon & sheath, May spread to associated tendon resulting in tendonitis.

86
Q

Trabecula

A

Spongy substance found within a bone, gives characteristic appearance to bone details.

87
Q

Trabecular pattern

A

Arrangement of supportive strands of connective tissue of the alveolar bone in relation to bone marrow spaces within the cancellous bone.

88
Q 
The most common benign bone tumor is
A. Endochondroma
B. Osteoid osteoma
C. Osteoma
D. Osteochondroma
A

B. Osteoid osteoma

89
Q

Aneurysmal bone cyst

A

Solitary benign osteoplastic serum or blood filled lesion of the bone.

90
Q

Osteoid Osteoma

A

Benign tumor of bonelike structure that develops on a bone and sometimes other structures.

91
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

Malignant bone tumor composed of a typical cartilage.

Pathology (8 decks)

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