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Pathology > Chaper 5: Abdomen And Gastrointerstinal System > Flashcards

Chaper 5: Abdomen And Gastrointerstinal System Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements are true of colon cancer?

  1. The majority of adenocarcinomas of the colon occur in the rectosigmoid area.
  2. The appearance of the “apple core” lesion is indicative of colon cancer.
  3. Adenomatous polyps May develop into adenocarcinoma of the colon.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2 and 3

A

D) 1, 2 and 3

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2
Q

Peptic Ulcer

Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither)

A

Neither

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3
Q

Ileostomy

A

An opening from the ileum to the exterior abdomen created by a surgical procedure to allow excretion of intestinal waste.

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4
Q

Imperforate anus

A

Congenital disorder of characterized by absence of anal opening to the exterior.

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5
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

General grouping of a number of inflammatory disorders of the stomach and intestines

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6
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

An incompetent cardiac sphincter allowing the backward flow of gastric acid and contents into the esophagus

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7
Q

Gluten sensitive enteropathy

A

Imaging modalities of choice: UGI, small bowel, BaE

Neither additive or subtractive

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8
Q 
Celiac disease is a type of:
A. Atresia
B. Herniation
C. Malabsorption syndrome
D. Ulcerative colitis
A

C

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9
Q

Inflammation of a diverticulum is …

A

DIVERTICULITIS

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10
Q

A pouch or sac of variable size occurring normally or created by herniation of a mucous membrane through a defect in its muscular coat

A

DIVERTICULUM

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11
Q

What is Malrotation, and is it additive/subtractive/both/neither ?

A

Unnatural position of the intestines caused by failure of normal rotation during embryologic development.

It is neither !

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12
Q

1.) esophageal atresia is classified as a(n) __________ condition of the gastrointestinal (GI) system.

A.) congenital
B.) degenerative
C.) inflammatory
D.) neurologic

A

A.) congenital

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13
Q

Hernia

A

The protrusion of a part of an organ through a small opening in the wall of a cavity.

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14
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

Protrusion of any structure, especially some portion of the stomach, into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm.

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15
Q

A congenital, neurogenic disease of the GI system characterized by an absence of neurons in the bowel wall is:

a. Achalasia
b. Diverticulosis
c. Hirschsprung disease
d. Toxic megacolon

A

C. Hirschsprung disease

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16
Q

Esophageal strictures: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

Neither

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17
Q

Esophageal Varicies

A

Varicose veins of the esophagus that occur in patients with portal hypertension

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18
Q

Gallstone ileus

A

The condition in which a gallstone erodes from the gallbladder and creates a fistula to the small bowel

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19
Q
  1. The radiographic string sign is associated with
A

Regional enteritis

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20
Q

Meckel Diverticulum: additive/subtractive/neither

A

Neither

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21
Q

Achalasia

A

A neuromuscular abnormality of the esophagus that results in failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax

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22
Q

Adenocarcinomas

A

Carcinoma derived from glandular tissue

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23
Q

Adynamic Ileus

A

A failure of bowel peristalsis, often seen after abdominal surgery which may result in bowel obstruction

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24
Q

Esophageal Atresia

Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

Neither

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25
Q

Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy

A

An autoimmune hereditary disorder involving increased sensitivity to the gliadin fraction of gluten, an agent found in wheat, barley, and rye products.

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26
Q

Granulomatous colitis

A

Chronic inflammation of the colon characterized by granulations associated with an infective process.

27
Q 
The appearance of a Schatzki ring is associated with a(n) \_\_\_\_\_ hernia. 
A: Inguinal
B: Rolling
C: Sliding
D: Umbilical
A

C: Sliding

28
Q

Carbohydrate Intolerance: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

Neither

29
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty is swallowing.

30
Q

Endoscopy

A

The use of lighted instruments with optic connects to visualize disease of esophagus and stomach, or rectum and distal colon.

31
Q

An outpouching of the bowel wall caused by a weakening in its muscular layer is a(n):

A

Diverticulum

32
Q

Hirschsprung disease: additive/subtractive/both/neither

A

Neither

33
Q

Hirschsprung disease

A

Absence of neurons in the bowel wall typically in the sigmoid, preventing relaxation of the colon and normal peristalsis; congenital megacolon

34
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

A congenital anomaly of the stomach in which the pyloric canal is greatly narrowed because of hypertrophic of the pyloric sphincter

35
Q

GERD:

Additive, subtractive, both, neither

A

Neither

36
Q 
Review question 7:
The fewest GI tumors, both benign and malignant occur in the:
A. Colon
B. Esophagus
C. Large bowel
D. Small bowel
A

D. Small bowel

37
Q

Carbohydrate Intolerance

A

The inability to digest and process sugars and starches into a source of energy due to an enzyme deficiency

38
Q

Colostomy

A

An opening for the colon to the exterior abdomen created by a surgical procedure to allow excretion of feces

39
Q

Crohn Disease

A

A chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of unknown cause involving any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but commonly involving the terminal ileum; also know as regional enteritis

40
Q

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Additive/Subtractive/Both/ Neither

A

Neither

41
Q

Situs inversus

A

Complete reversal of the viscera of the thorax and the abdomen.

42
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

a chronic, recurrent ulceration of the colon mucosa of unknown cause.

43
Q

Volvulus

A

An intestinal obstruction caused by a twisting of the bowel about its mesenteric base.

44
Q

Diverticular disease: additive/subtractive/both/neither

A

Neither

45
Q

Polyps: additive/subtractive/both/neither

A

Neither

46
Q

Malrotation

A

Unnatural position of the intestines caused by failure of normal rotation during embryologic development

47
Q

Mechanical bowel obstruction

A

Refers to a bowel obstruction that occurs as a result of blockage of the bowel lumen

48
Q

Anal agenesis

A

a congenital disorder in which anal opening to the exterior is absent.

49
Q

Appendicitis

A

inflammation of the vermiform appendix resulting from an obstruction caused usually by a fecalith or rarely by a neoplasm.

50
Q 
The condition in which a gallstone erodes from the gallbladder and creates a fistula to the small bowel is:
A) gallstone ileus 
B) intussusception
C) incarcerated hernia
D) volvulus
A

A) Gallstone ileus

51
Q

Atresia

A

congenital absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular organ.

52
Q

Bowel Atresia: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

neither additive or subtractive.

53
Q

Reflux Esophagitis

A

the backward flow of gastric acids into the esophagus

54
Q

Regional Enteritis

A

A chronic granulotomatous inflammatory disease of unknown cause involving any part of the GI tract, but commonly involving the terminal

55
Q

Bowel Obstruction (Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither)

A

Subtractive

56
Q

Achalasia (Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither)

A

Additive

57
Q

Intussusception

A

occurs when a segment of the bowel, constricted by peristalsis, telescopes into a distal segment and is driven further into the distal bowel by peristalsis. May appear as a “coiled spring”. Responsible for 5% of all mechanical obstructions and most frequently affects the ileocecal valve. More common in children and infants than adults.
The modality of choice: Barium Enema, CT and MRI with and without contrast
Subtractive due to the air-filled bowel

58
Q

LEIOMYOMAS

A

A benign tumor derived from stomach.
A leiomyoma, also known as fibroids, is a benign smooth muscle tumor that very rarely becomes cancer (0.1%). They can occur in any organ, but the most common forms occur in the uterus, small bowel, and the esophagus. leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors of the esophagus.
Modality of choice: Barium Swallow, CT, Ultrasonography.
Neither additive or subtractive. (NONE)

59
Q

Regional Enteritis (Crohn Disease): Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither

A

Neither

60
Q

A twisting of bowel about its mesenteric base best refers to

A

Volvulus

61
Q

Paralytic ileus

A

A failure of bowel peristalsis often seen after abdominal surgery which may result in bowel obstruction.

62
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

Ulceration of the mucous membrane of the esophagus stomach or duodenum.

63
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

Neither not additive or subtractive.

64
Q

Esophageal Varices

A

Neither subtractive or additive.

Pathology (8 decks)

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