Chaper 5: Abdomen And Gastrointerstinal System Flashcards
Which of the following statements are true of colon cancer?
- The majority of adenocarcinomas of the colon occur in the rectosigmoid area.
- The appearance of the “apple core” lesion is indicative of colon cancer.
- Adenomatous polyps May develop into adenocarcinoma of the colon.
A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2 and 3
D) 1, 2 and 3
Peptic Ulcer
Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither)
Neither
Ileostomy
An opening from the ileum to the exterior abdomen created by a surgical procedure to allow excretion of intestinal waste.
Imperforate anus
Congenital disorder of characterized by absence of anal opening to the exterior.
Gastroenteritis
General grouping of a number of inflammatory disorders of the stomach and intestines
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
An incompetent cardiac sphincter allowing the backward flow of gastric acid and contents into the esophagus
Gluten sensitive enteropathy
Imaging modalities of choice: UGI, small bowel, BaE
Neither additive or subtractive
Celiac disease is a type of: A. Atresia B. Herniation C. Malabsorption syndrome D. Ulcerative colitis
C
Inflammation of a diverticulum is …
DIVERTICULITIS
A pouch or sac of variable size occurring normally or created by herniation of a mucous membrane through a defect in its muscular coat
DIVERTICULUM
What is Malrotation, and is it additive/subtractive/both/neither ?
Unnatural position of the intestines caused by failure of normal rotation during embryologic development.
It is neither !
1.) esophageal atresia is classified as a(n) __________ condition of the gastrointestinal (GI) system.
A.) congenital
B.) degenerative
C.) inflammatory
D.) neurologic
A.) congenital
Hernia
The protrusion of a part of an organ through a small opening in the wall of a cavity.
Hiatal hernia
Protrusion of any structure, especially some portion of the stomach, into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm.
A congenital, neurogenic disease of the GI system characterized by an absence of neurons in the bowel wall is:
a. Achalasia
b. Diverticulosis
c. Hirschsprung disease
d. Toxic megacolon
C. Hirschsprung disease
Esophageal strictures: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither
Neither
Esophageal Varicies
Varicose veins of the esophagus that occur in patients with portal hypertension
Gallstone ileus
The condition in which a gallstone erodes from the gallbladder and creates a fistula to the small bowel
- The radiographic string sign is associated with
Regional enteritis
Meckel Diverticulum: additive/subtractive/neither
Neither
Achalasia
A neuromuscular abnormality of the esophagus that results in failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax
Adenocarcinomas
Carcinoma derived from glandular tissue
Adynamic Ileus
A failure of bowel peristalsis, often seen after abdominal surgery which may result in bowel obstruction
Esophageal Atresia
Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither
Neither
Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy
An autoimmune hereditary disorder involving increased sensitivity to the gliadin fraction of gluten, an agent found in wheat, barley, and rye products.
Granulomatous colitis
Chronic inflammation of the colon characterized by granulations associated with an infective process.
The appearance of a Schatzki ring is associated with a(n) \_\_\_\_\_ hernia. A: Inguinal B: Rolling C: Sliding D: Umbilical
C: Sliding
Carbohydrate Intolerance: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither
Neither
Dysphagia
Difficulty is swallowing.
Endoscopy
The use of lighted instruments with optic connects to visualize disease of esophagus and stomach, or rectum and distal colon.
An outpouching of the bowel wall caused by a weakening in its muscular layer is a(n):
Diverticulum
Hirschsprung disease: additive/subtractive/both/neither
Neither
Hirschsprung disease
Absence of neurons in the bowel wall typically in the sigmoid, preventing relaxation of the colon and normal peristalsis; congenital megacolon
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
A congenital anomaly of the stomach in which the pyloric canal is greatly narrowed because of hypertrophic of the pyloric sphincter
GERD:
Additive, subtractive, both, neither
Neither
Review question 7: The fewest GI tumors, both benign and malignant occur in the: A. Colon B. Esophagus C. Large bowel D. Small bowel
D. Small bowel
Carbohydrate Intolerance
The inability to digest and process sugars and starches into a source of energy due to an enzyme deficiency
Colostomy
An opening for the colon to the exterior abdomen created by a surgical procedure to allow excretion of feces
Crohn Disease
A chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of unknown cause involving any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but commonly involving the terminal ileum; also know as regional enteritis
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Additive/Subtractive/Both/ Neither
Neither
Situs inversus
Complete reversal of the viscera of the thorax and the abdomen.
Ulcerative colitis
a chronic, recurrent ulceration of the colon mucosa of unknown cause.
Volvulus
An intestinal obstruction caused by a twisting of the bowel about its mesenteric base.
Diverticular disease: additive/subtractive/both/neither
Neither
Polyps: additive/subtractive/both/neither
Neither
Malrotation
Unnatural position of the intestines caused by failure of normal rotation during embryologic development
Mechanical bowel obstruction
Refers to a bowel obstruction that occurs as a result of blockage of the bowel lumen
Anal agenesis
a congenital disorder in which anal opening to the exterior is absent.
Appendicitis
inflammation of the vermiform appendix resulting from an obstruction caused usually by a fecalith or rarely by a neoplasm.
The condition in which a gallstone erodes from the gallbladder and creates a fistula to the small bowel is: A) gallstone ileus B) intussusception C) incarcerated hernia D) volvulus
A) Gallstone ileus
Atresia
congenital absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular organ.
Bowel Atresia: Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither
neither additive or subtractive.
Reflux Esophagitis
the backward flow of gastric acids into the esophagus
Regional Enteritis
A chronic granulotomatous inflammatory disease of unknown cause involving any part of the GI tract, but commonly involving the terminal
Bowel Obstruction (Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither)
Subtractive
Achalasia (Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither)
Additive
Intussusception
occurs when a segment of the bowel, constricted by peristalsis, telescopes into a distal segment and is driven further into the distal bowel by peristalsis. May appear as a “coiled spring”. Responsible for 5% of all mechanical obstructions and most frequently affects the ileocecal valve. More common in children and infants than adults.
The modality of choice: Barium Enema, CT and MRI with and without contrast
Subtractive due to the air-filled bowel
LEIOMYOMAS
A benign tumor derived from stomach.
A leiomyoma, also known as fibroids, is a benign smooth muscle tumor that very rarely becomes cancer (0.1%). They can occur in any organ, but the most common forms occur in the uterus, small bowel, and the esophagus. leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors of the esophagus.
Modality of choice: Barium Swallow, CT, Ultrasonography.
Neither additive or subtractive. (NONE)
Regional Enteritis (Crohn Disease): Additive/Subtractive/Both/Neither
Neither
A twisting of bowel about its mesenteric base best refers to
Volvulus
Paralytic ileus
A failure of bowel peristalsis often seen after abdominal surgery which may result in bowel obstruction.
Peptic ulcer
Ulceration of the mucous membrane of the esophagus stomach or duodenum.
Ulcerative Colitis
Neither not additive or subtractive.
Esophageal Varices
Neither subtractive or additive.
