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Medical Terminology > Chapter 7: Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

kidneys

A

filter urea and waste from blood, maintain water and electrolyte balance

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2
Q

kidney structure

A

outer layer, cortex, inner layer, medulla

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3
Q

blood enters kidney through

A

renal artery

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4
Q

nephron

A

microscopic functional filtering unit of kidney

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5
Q

forms urine by process of

A

filtration, reabsorption, secretion

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6
Q

renal corpuscle

A

site of blood filtration i nephron; consists of glomerulus and Bowman capsule

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7
Q

renal tubule

A

urine formation complete in tubules; flows to renal pelvis (ureter)

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8
Q

nephr/o, ren/o

A

kidney

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9
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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10
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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11
Q

cyst/o, vesic/o

A

bladder

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12
Q

ur/o, urin/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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13
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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14
Q

meat/o

A

meatus, opening

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15
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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16
Q

-emia

A

blood

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17
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition produced by something specified

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18
Q

-lysis

A

separation, destruction, loosening

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19
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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20
Q

-pexy

A

fixation of an organ

21
Q

-ptosis

A

prolapse, downward displacement

22
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

23
Q

excessive urination

A

poly/uria

24
Q

scanty urine

A

olig/uria

25
Q

end stage renal disease (ESRD)

A

jirreversible, progressive deterioration of kidney funciton; loses ability to excrete nitrogenous waste;

26
Q

ESRD usually result of

A

chronic renal failure (CRF)

27
Q

treatment of ESRD

A

dietary restriction of protein, sodium, potassium; antiemetics for nausea

28
Q

renal calculi

A

concentration of mineral salts in renal pelvis, or along urinary tract

29
Q

symptoms of renal calculi

A

if stone lodges in ureter, intense pain and urinary urgency; if in pelvis or calices, dull and constant pain

30
Q

treatment of renal calculi

A

increase water intake, surgery, antibiotics, analgesic, ultrasound

31
Q

hydronephrosis

A

distention of renal pelvis and calices due to pressure from accumulating urine; may interrupt kidney function

32
Q

treatment of hydronephrosis

A

remove obstruction, ,catheterization, analgesics, antibiotics, surgery

33
Q

azoturia

A

increase of nitrogenous substances (urea) in urine

34
Q

diuresis

A

increased formation and secretion of urine

35
Q

hypospadias

A

abnormal congenital opening of male urethra on undersurface of penis

36
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

hereditary condition in which kidneys are enlarged and contain many cysts that develop over time, requires dialysis or transplant

37
Q

uremia

A

increase in concentration of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in blood

38
Q

wilms tumor

A

malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5

39
Q

cystoscopy

A

examination of urinary bladder

40
Q

bladder ultrasonography

A

sound-waves used to produce images of bladder; determine bladder volume, identify incomplete emptying of bladder

41
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

lab test that determines amount of nitrogen in blood that comes from urea

42
Q

urinalysis

A

urine screening test: physical observation, chemical tests, microscopic evaluation

43
Q

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

A

x-ray of bladder and urethra, performed before/during/after voiding using a constrast medium

44
Q

proteinuria

A

protein in urine

45
Q

catheterization

A

insertion of catheter into body cavity or organ to instill a subtance or remove fluid

46
Q

hemodialysis

A

patient’s blood diverted to a dialysis machine for filtering

47
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

dialysis in which patient’s own peritoneum is used as dialyzing membrane - contaminated fluid drains out and is replaced with fresh solution

48
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

sound-wave vibrations used to break up kidney stones

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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