Chapter 7: Urinary System Flashcards
kidneys
filter urea and waste from blood, maintain water and electrolyte balance
kidney structure
outer layer, cortex, inner layer, medulla
blood enters kidney through
renal artery
nephron
microscopic functional filtering unit of kidney
forms urine by process of
filtration, reabsorption, secretion
renal corpuscle
site of blood filtration i nephron; consists of glomerulus and Bowman capsule
renal tubule
urine formation complete in tubules; flows to renal pelvis (ureter)
nephr/o, ren/o
kidney
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ureter/o
ureter
cyst/o, vesic/o
bladder
ur/o, urin/o
urine, urinary tract
urethr/o
urethra
meat/o
meatus, opening
glomerul/o
glomerulus
-emia
blood
-iasis
abnormal condition produced by something specified
-lysis
separation, destruction, loosening
-pathy
disease
-pexy
fixation of an organ
-ptosis
prolapse, downward displacement
-tripsy
crushing
excessive urination
poly/uria
scanty urine
olig/uria
end stage renal disease (ESRD)
jirreversible, progressive deterioration of kidney funciton; loses ability to excrete nitrogenous waste;
ESRD usually result of
chronic renal failure (CRF)
treatment of ESRD
dietary restriction of protein, sodium, potassium; antiemetics for nausea
renal calculi
concentration of mineral salts in renal pelvis, or along urinary tract
symptoms of renal calculi
if stone lodges in ureter, intense pain and urinary urgency; if in pelvis or calices, dull and constant pain
treatment of renal calculi
increase water intake, surgery, antibiotics, analgesic, ultrasound
hydronephrosis
distention of renal pelvis and calices due to pressure from accumulating urine; may interrupt kidney function
treatment of hydronephrosis
remove obstruction, ,catheterization, analgesics, antibiotics, surgery
azoturia
increase of nitrogenous substances (urea) in urine
diuresis
increased formation and secretion of urine
hypospadias
abnormal congenital opening of male urethra on undersurface of penis
polycystic kidney disease
hereditary condition in which kidneys are enlarged and contain many cysts that develop over time, requires dialysis or transplant
uremia
increase in concentration of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in blood
wilms tumor
malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5
cystoscopy
examination of urinary bladder
bladder ultrasonography
sound-waves used to produce images of bladder; determine bladder volume, identify incomplete emptying of bladder
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
lab test that determines amount of nitrogen in blood that comes from urea
urinalysis
urine screening test: physical observation, chemical tests, microscopic evaluation
voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
x-ray of bladder and urethra, performed before/during/after voiding using a constrast medium
proteinuria
protein in urine
catheterization
insertion of catheter into body cavity or organ to instill a subtance or remove fluid
hemodialysis
patient’s blood diverted to a dialysis machine for filtering
peritoneal dialysis
dialysis in which patient’s own peritoneum is used as dialyzing membrane - contaminated fluid drains out and is replaced with fresh solution
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
sound-wave vibrations used to break up kidney stones
