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Medical Terminology > Chapter 11: Ears and Eyes > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Ears and Eyes Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

external ear

A

auricle, external auditory canal

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2
Q

middle ear

A

from tympanic membrane to oval window; malleus, incus, stapes

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3
Q

inner ear

A

series of fluid filled passages knkown as labyrinth

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4
Q

cochlea

A

front portion of inner ear

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5
Q

vestibular apparatus

A

rear portion of inner ear

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6
Q

external ear produces

A

cerumen - filter that trapps dust and foreign substances

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7
Q

indented shape of auricles act as

A

effective receivers of sound waves

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8
Q

soundwaves travel through auditory canal and strike tympanic membrane which

A

vibrates the ossicles

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9
Q

organ of Corti

A

sensitive auditory receptor area in cochlea

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10
Q

ot.o

A

ear

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11
Q

myring/o, tympan/o

A

tympanic membrane

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12
Q

labyrinth/o

A

labyrinth

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13
Q

acous/o, audi/o, audit/o

A

hearing

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14
Q

mastoid/o

A

mastoid process

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15
Q

salping/o

A

tubes

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16
Q

-acusis

A

hearing

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17
Q

-opsia

A

vision

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18
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing

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19
Q

-tropia

A

turning

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20
Q

otitis media

A

accumulation of fluid in middle ear, earache

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21
Q

serous otitis media

A

chronic may develop from acute condition, or result from overgrowth of adenoidal tissue or chronic sinus infections

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22
Q

suppurative otitis media

A

caused by introduction of pyogenic microorganisms into middle ear

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23
Q

PE tubes

A

pressure equilizer tubes

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24
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

due to impairment in transmission of sound

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25
Q

meniere disease

A

disorder of unknown etiology within labyrinth of inner ear that can lead to hearing loss

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26
Q

otosclerosis

A

progressive deafness due to ossification in bony labyrinth of inner ear

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27
Q

presbycusis

A

impairment of hearing that results from aging process

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28
Q

tinnitus

A

ringing or tinkling noise heard constantly or intermittently in one or both ears

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29
Q

vertigo

A

sensation of moving around in space or feeling of dizziness or spinning

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30
Q

rinne

A

evaluates bone versus air conduction of sound (tuning fork test)

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31
Q

webber

A

evaluates bone conduction in both ears at same time (tuning fork test)

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32
Q

myringotomy

A

incision of tympanic membrane and insertion of PE tube to treat chronic otitis media

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33
Q

eye outer layer

A

fibrous tunic: scelra, cornea, conjunctiva

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34
Q

middle eye layer

A

vascular tunic (uvea): choroid iris, cilliary body, lens

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35
Q

cilliary body

A

externsion of choroid, attaches to suspensory ligaments that hold the lens in place behind the iris

36
Q

innermost layer or eye

A

sensory tunic - double layered retina

37
Q

retine composed of

A

optic disk, optic nerve, rods and cones

38
Q

lacrimal gland

A

produces tears

39
Q

sclera

A

white opaque outer surface that protects inner structure of eye and helps maintain its sahape

40
Q

cornea

A

transparent layer allows light to enter and refracts light

41
Q

conjunctiva

A

delicate transparent mucous membrane that covers insides of eyelid

42
Q

choroid

A

supplies blood to entire eye

43
Q

rods

A

detect shades of gray at all levels of light

44
Q

cones

A

detect color but operate only at high light levels

45
Q

optic disk

A

area in retine where nerve fibers and blood vessels enter and exit

46
Q

optic nerve

A

cranial nerve II - carries impulses from retina to areas of brain responsible for processing visual information

47
Q

aqueous humor

A

watery fluid continuously produced by ciliary body

48
Q

aqueous humor drains into

A

canal of Schlemm, circular channel around iris, absorbed into veins and taken away by blood

49
Q

vitreous humor

A

gel-like substance that helps maintain shape of eye; fills posterior cavity

50
Q

extraocular muscles

A

control eye movement, attached to sclera by tendons

51
Q

ocul/o, opthalm/o

A

eye

52
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

53
Q

opt/o

A

eye, vision

54
Q

retin/o

A

retina

55
Q

choroid/o

A

choroid

56
Q

irid/o

A

iris

57
Q

corne/o

A

corneo

58
Q

dacry/o, lacrim/o

A

tear, lacrimal apparatus duct, sac, gland

59
Q

dipl/o

A

double

60
Q

kerat/o

A

horny tissue, hard, cornea

61
Q

cor/o, core/o, pupill/o

A

pupil

62
Q

-opia, -opsia

A

vision

63
Q

-ptosis

A

prolapse, downward displacemnt

64
Q

-tomy

A

incision

65
Q

-tropia

A

turning

66
Q

cataract

A

opacity or clouding of lens or its surrounding membrane

67
Q

IOLs

A

intraocular lenses that are surgically implanted

68
Q

two common surgical methods to remove cataracts

A

phacoemulsification, intracapsular and extra capsular extraction

69
Q

strabismus

A

visual defect in which both eyes cannot be directed to focus simultaneouslu on same object

70
Q

esotropia

A

eye turns inward, cross eye

71
Q

exotropia

A

eye turns outward - wall eye

72
Q

glaucoma

A

accumulated fluid pressure within eye damages retina and optic nerve - blindness

73
Q

macular degeneration

A

macula, small area of retine responsible for central and color vision - degenerates

74
Q

dry macular degeneration

A

slow and progressive loss

75
Q

wat macular degeneration

A

sudden onset

76
Q

hordoleum

A

stye - inflammatory infection of sebaceous glands of eyelid

77
Q

achromatopsia

A

congenital deficiency in color perception

78
Q

astigmatism

A

defective curvature of the cornea and lens that causes light rays to focus unevenly over retina

79
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of conjunctiva - pinkeye

80
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

occurs in people with diabetes - scarring and eventual loss of vision

81
Q

photophobia

A

unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light

82
Q

retinal detachment

A

separation of retina from choroid

83
Q

tonometry

A

detects glaucoma by measuring increased IOP

84
Q

visual acuity test measured with use of

A

snellen chart; person is 20 feet from chart

85
Q

miotics

A

causes pupils to constrict, increases outflow of eye fluid

86
Q

mydriatics

A

causes pupils to dilate

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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