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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cardiovascular system composed of

A

heart, arteries, capillaries, veins

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2
Q

layers of heart

A

endocardium, myocardium, pericardium

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3
Q

heart contained inside the

A

pericardial sac

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4
Q

pericardial cavity contains

A

serous fluid to reduce friction during heart contraction

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5
Q

right side of heart

A

pulmonary circulation to lungs

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6
Q

left side of heart

A

systemic circulation to body systems

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7
Q

other functions of cardiovascular system

A

dispose of waste, aides lymphatic system in circulating substances

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8
Q

angi/o

A

vessel (blood or lymph)

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9
Q

aneurysm/o

A

widened blood vessel

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10
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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11
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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12
Q

arteriol/o

A

arteriole

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13
Q

ather/o

A

fatty plaque

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14
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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15
Q

cardi/o or coron/o

A

heart

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16
Q

phleb/o or ven/o

A

vein

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17
Q

thromb/o

A

blood clot

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18
Q

varic/o

A

dilated vein

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19
Q

vas/o

A

vessel, vas deferens, duct

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20
Q

-cardia

A

heart condition

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21
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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22
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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23
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing/stricture

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24
Q

-ectasis

A

dilation, expansion

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25
Q

tachy-

A

rapid

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26
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

formation of thrombus in calf or thigh; complete or partial blockage, may cause pain but often asymptomatic

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27
Q

treatment of DVT

A

anticoagulants, thrombolytics

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28
Q

anticoagulants

A

prevent future thrombi formation

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29
Q

thrombolytics

A

dissolve blood clots

30
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD) symptoms

A

angina pectoris and shortness of breath (SOB)

31
Q

cause of CAD

A

accumulation of plaque in arterial walls - blockage from clot formation of ruptured plaque - clot may travel to brain

32
Q

risk factors of CAD

A

smoking, hypertension, stress, inactivity, family history, diabetes, obesity, high cholesterol

33
Q

treatment of CAD

A

lifestyle changes, drugs for angina/hypertension/triglycerides/clots, PCTA

34
Q

PCTA

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

35
Q

aneurysm

A

local dilation of artery or heart chamber due to weakening of walls - thrombus formation, hemorrhage, ischemia

36
Q

fusiform

A

aneurysm dilation of entire circumference

37
Q

saccular

A

aneurysm bulging on one side

38
Q

dissecting

A

aneurysm when inner layer tears causing a cavity that fills with blood with each heartbeat

39
Q

three common types of aneurysm

A

abdominal, thoracic, peripheral artery

40
Q

varicose veins

A

defective veins prevent blood from freely flowing towards heart; inherited or venous diseases

41
Q

varicose veins symptoms

A

swollon, tortuous, knotted veins in legs; veins thicken; fatigue in legs

42
Q

treatment of varicose veins

A

compression socks; sclerotherapy, laser treatment

43
Q

arrhythmia or dysrhthmia

A

irregularity of loss of rhythm of heartbeat

44
Q

bruit

A

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow

45
Q

heart block

A

interference with normal transmission of electrical impulses through conducting systems of heart

46
Q

heart failure (HF)

A

inability of heart to circulate blood effectively enough to meet body’s needs

47
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure above 140/90

48
Q

ischemia

A

inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part due to interruption of blood flow

49
Q

cardiac catherterization

A

catheter is guided into heart via vein or artery

50
Q

cardiac enzymes

A

test to measure levels of enzymes released into blood during an MI

51
Q

holter monitor

A

records ECG readings for 24 hours on portable device to document arrythmias and link them to symptoms

52
Q

stress test

A

exercise tolerance to determine heart’s response to stress; ECG recorded under exercise conditions

53
Q

nuclear stress test uses

A

radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow

54
Q

doppler ultrasonography (US)

A

used to asses blood flow through blood vessels and heart; handheld transducer emits sound waves, placed on carotid artery

55
Q

troponin I

A

blood test that measures levels of proteins released into blood when myocardial cells die

56
Q

EKG or ECG

A

recording of electrical activity of heart

57
Q

atheroma

A

tumor of fatty plaque

58
Q

venography, phlebography

A

recording a vein

59
Q

thrombolysis

A

separation or destruction of a blood clot

60
Q

aortography

A

process of recording the aorta

61
Q

atheriosclerosis

A

abnormal condition of arterial walls - hardening

62
Q

angiography

A

process of recording vessels after injection of contrast dye

63
Q

automatic implantable defribillator (AICD)

A

implanted in patient at high risk of developing serious arrhythmia

64
Q

angioplasty

A

endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels to restore blood flow

65
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

vein from leg or other body part grafted onto heart to circumvent an obstruction in a coronary artery

66
Q

valvuloplasty

A

surgical repair or replacement of a valve (balloon may be used to open valve)

67
Q

beta blockers

A

decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta receptors - treat angina and hypertension

68
Q

nitrates

A

treat angina pectoris; dilates veins to decrease amount of work heart has to do

69
Q

statins

A

lower cholesterol levels in blood, reduce cholesterol production in liver

70
Q

thrombolytics

A

lyse blood clots used in management of accute myocardial infarction (MI) or to treat ischemic stroke

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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