Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System Flashcards
cardiovascular system composed of
heart, arteries, capillaries, veins
layers of heart
endocardium, myocardium, pericardium
heart contained inside the
pericardial sac
pericardial cavity contains
serous fluid to reduce friction during heart contraction
right side of heart
pulmonary circulation to lungs
left side of heart
systemic circulation to body systems
other functions of cardiovascular system
dispose of waste, aides lymphatic system in circulating substances
angi/o
vessel (blood or lymph)
aneurysm/o
widened blood vessel
aort/o
aorta
arteri/o
artery
arteriol/o
arteriole
ather/o
fatty plaque
atri/o
atrium
cardi/o or coron/o
heart
phleb/o or ven/o
vein
thromb/o
blood clot
varic/o
dilated vein
vas/o
vessel, vas deferens, duct
-cardia
heart condition
-megaly
enlargement
-oma
tumor
-stenosis
narrowing/stricture
-ectasis
dilation, expansion
tachy-
rapid
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
formation of thrombus in calf or thigh; complete or partial blockage, may cause pain but often asymptomatic
treatment of DVT
anticoagulants, thrombolytics
anticoagulants
prevent future thrombi formation
thrombolytics
dissolve blood clots
coronary artery disease (CAD) symptoms
angina pectoris and shortness of breath (SOB)
cause of CAD
accumulation of plaque in arterial walls - blockage from clot formation of ruptured plaque - clot may travel to brain
risk factors of CAD
smoking, hypertension, stress, inactivity, family history, diabetes, obesity, high cholesterol
treatment of CAD
lifestyle changes, drugs for angina/hypertension/triglycerides/clots, PCTA
PCTA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
aneurysm
local dilation of artery or heart chamber due to weakening of walls - thrombus formation, hemorrhage, ischemia
fusiform
aneurysm dilation of entire circumference
saccular
aneurysm bulging on one side
dissecting
aneurysm when inner layer tears causing a cavity that fills with blood with each heartbeat
three common types of aneurysm
abdominal, thoracic, peripheral artery
varicose veins
defective veins prevent blood from freely flowing towards heart; inherited or venous diseases
varicose veins symptoms
swollon, tortuous, knotted veins in legs; veins thicken; fatigue in legs
treatment of varicose veins
compression socks; sclerotherapy, laser treatment
arrhythmia or dysrhthmia
irregularity of loss of rhythm of heartbeat
bruit
soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow
heart block
interference with normal transmission of electrical impulses through conducting systems of heart
heart failure (HF)
inability of heart to circulate blood effectively enough to meet body’s needs
hypertension
high blood pressure above 140/90
ischemia
inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part due to interruption of blood flow
cardiac catherterization
catheter is guided into heart via vein or artery
cardiac enzymes
test to measure levels of enzymes released into blood during an MI
holter monitor
records ECG readings for 24 hours on portable device to document arrythmias and link them to symptoms
stress test
exercise tolerance to determine heart’s response to stress; ECG recorded under exercise conditions
nuclear stress test uses
radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow
doppler ultrasonography (US)
used to asses blood flow through blood vessels and heart; handheld transducer emits sound waves, placed on carotid artery
troponin I
blood test that measures levels of proteins released into blood when myocardial cells die
EKG or ECG
recording of electrical activity of heart
atheroma
tumor of fatty plaque
venography, phlebography
recording a vein
thrombolysis
separation or destruction of a blood clot
aortography
process of recording the aorta
atheriosclerosis
abnormal condition of arterial walls - hardening
angiography
process of recording vessels after injection of contrast dye
automatic implantable defribillator (AICD)
implanted in patient at high risk of developing serious arrhythmia
angioplasty
endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels to restore blood flow
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
vein from leg or other body part grafted onto heart to circumvent an obstruction in a coronary artery
valvuloplasty
surgical repair or replacement of a valve (balloon may be used to open valve)
beta blockers
decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta receptors - treat angina and hypertension
nitrates
treat angina pectoris; dilates veins to decrease amount of work heart has to do
statins
lower cholesterol levels in blood, reduce cholesterol production in liver
thrombolytics
lyse blood clots used in management of accute myocardial infarction (MI) or to treat ischemic stroke
