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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

upper respiratory tract

A

nose, septum, pharynx, larynx, trachea

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2
Q

lower respiratory tract

A

lungs, alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles, diaphragm

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3
Q

cilia in nose

A

sweep foreign materials towards throats for elimination

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4
Q

pharynx

A

passageway for air from nose and food from mouth, connects to larynx

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5
Q

larynx

A

makes vocal sounds possible

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6
Q

trachea

A

windpipe that splits into bronchii

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7
Q

bronchii

A

lead to lungs

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8
Q

right lung vs. left lung

A

right lung has 3 lobes, left lung has 2 lobes

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9
Q

bronchi enters into lung and then

A

divides into bronchioles

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10
Q

bronchioles terminate at

A

alveoli

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11
Q

alveoli

A

air sacs at lungs that allow ventilation

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12
Q

diaphragm

A

contracts and descends to aide in breathing

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13
Q

inhalation

A

inspiration

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14
Q

nas/o and rhin/o

A

nose

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15
Q

tonsill/p

A

tonsils

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16
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoid

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17
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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18
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

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19
Q

trache/o

A

trachea

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20
Q

pneum/o and pneumon/o

A

air, lung

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21
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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22
Q

bronch/o and bronchi/o

A

bronchus

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23
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchioles

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24
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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25
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm

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26
Q

-ectasis

A

dilation, expansion

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27
Q

-osmia

A

smell

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28
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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29
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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30
Q

swallowing air

A

aer/o/plagia

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31
Q

sleep apnea

A

breathing stops during sleep; associated with obesity, hypertension

32
Q

obstructive sleep apnea

A

air unable to flow in or out of upper respiratory tract

33
Q

central sleep apnea

A

brain does not send proper signals to muscles that control breathing

34
Q

causes of obstructive sleep apnea

A

airway obstruction from soft palate; excess neck tissue; tonsil enlargment

35
Q

sleep apnea in premature infants

A

CNS fails to maintain consistent respiratory rate

36
Q

treatment of sleep apnea

A

weight loss; tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPP); CPAP

37
Q

lung cancer signs and symptoms

A

early is difficult to detect; smoker’s cough, wheezing, chest pain, dyspnea, hemoptysis

38
Q

risk factors for lung cancer

A

chemical exposure, smoking, secon-hand smoke

39
Q

treatment for lung cnacer

A

surgery, radiation, chemotherapy

40
Q

definitive diagnosis of treatment

A

chest x-ray, sputum cytology test, bronchoscopy

41
Q

wedge resection

A

excision of small portion of lung and healthy surrounding tissue

42
Q

segmented resection

A

excision of portion of lobe of lung (segmentectomy)

43
Q

lobectomy

A

excision of one lobe of lungs

44
Q

pneumonectomy

A

excision of a lung of portion of the lung

45
Q

upper airway obstruction symptoms

A

cyanosis of skin, difficulty breathing, choking, confusion, panic, unconsciousness

46
Q

treatment of upper airway obstruction

A

laryngoscope, bronchoscope, endotracheal or nasotracheal tube, tracheostomy

47
Q

pneumothorax

A

increased air pressure on affected side causes mediastinal shift to unaffected side - shortness of breath, chest pain, hypotension

48
Q

treatment of pneumothorax

A

fowler or semi-fowler position, oxygen provided; thoracostomy

49
Q

bronchiectasis

A

widening and destruction of large airways or bronchi, usually in lower portions of lungs

50
Q

bronchiectasis symptoms

A

chronic cough, foul-smelling sputum; hemoptysis, dysapnea, wheezing, fever, malaise, halitosis

51
Q

bronchiectasis

A

control of infections and bronchial secretions; relieve airway obstruction

52
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blood clot (embolism) lodges in and blocks an artery in the lung vessels

53
Q

pulmonary embolism symptoms

A

cough, chest pain, fever; dysapnea, tachypnea (rate of 20 breaths/min), hemoptysis; cyanosis, shock, death

54
Q

treatment for pulmonary embolism

A

oxygen therapy and anticoagulant, thrombolytic drugs

55
Q

empyema

A

pus in body cavity

56
Q

pyothorax

A

pus in pleural cavity

57
Q

emphysema

A

chronic disease - overexpansion and destruction of alveoli - associated with cigarette smoking

58
Q

epistaxis

A

bleeding from nose; rhinorrhagia

59
Q

ischemia

A

inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part due to interruption of blood flow

60
Q

rhonchi

A

abnormal repiratory soung resembling snoring; blockage in larger airways

61
Q

tubercle

A

small lesions that appear in the lungs when a person is infected with TB

62
Q

bronchoscopy

A

tissue biopsy for cancer detection of lungs; remoce obstruction

63
Q

polysomnography

A

diagnoses sleep disorders; records eye and muscle movement, breathing, EEG

64
Q

spirometry

A

measure capacity of lungs

65
Q

thoracentesis

A

removes fluid from pleural space for diagnostic or therapeutic pruposes

66
Q

arterial blood gas (ABG)

A

measures oxygen and carbon dioxide content of arterial blood

67
Q

pulmonary function test (PFT)

A

measures capacity of lungs and volume of air during inhalation and exhalation

68
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

tube through mouth or nose into trachea to provide air to patients who cannot breath on their own

69
Q

laryngectomy

A

excision of all or part of larynx

70
Q

lavage

A

irrigation of paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material

71
Q

postural drainage

A

body is positioned so gravity helps remove secretions from lungs or bronchi

72
Q

tracheostomy

A

opening into trachea with placement of indwelling tube; allows air to flow into lungs, aids in removal of secretions

73
Q

oxygen therapy

A

oxygen administration most commonly via nasal cannula

74
Q

bronchodilators

A

drugs that dilate constricted airways via metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

75
Q

corticosteroids

A

MDIs, nebulized mist treatments (NMTs)

76
Q

expectorant

A

prescipred to reduce sputum thickness and ability to cough it up

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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