Chapter 7 until Memory Flashcards
What is Information Processing Approach
analyzes how individuals manipulate info, monitor it, and create strategies for handling it,
How do children react to the IPA
cognitive development results from their ability to overcome processing limitations by increasingly executing basic operations, expanding info processing capacity, and acquiring new knowledge and strategies
What is the Capacity and Speed of processing info(cognitive resources)
increases across childhood and adolescence, Capacity is measured by children being able to hold several dimensions of a topic at the same time, reaction time is used for speed
What are the 3 mechanisms of change
Encoding, Automaticity, Strategy Construction
What is encoding
how info gets into the brain
What is automaticity
ability to process info with little to no effort(related to schemas)
What is Strategy Construction
creation of new procedures for processing info
What is Metacognition
knowing about knowing, like knowing that writing is better for you so you write it out
How does IPA compare to Piaget
no distinct stages, gradual, kid doesn’t have info already but learns way to process info better but still constructivist in where children are directing cog development
What is Attention
focusing on mental resources improves cog processing for tasks, 4 types: Selective attention, divided attention, sustained attention, executive attention
What is Selective attention
focusing on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant while ignoring others that are irrelevant
What is divided attention
concentrating on more than one activity at the same time
What is sustained attention
maintaining attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period of attention
What is executive attention
planning actions, allocating attention to goals, detecting errors and compensating for them, monitoring progress on tasks, dealing with a novel or difficult task
What are some ways that infants can pay attention
habituation or dis-habituation, exploration, investigation, joint attention
What is habituation
decreased reaction after repeatedly presentation of a stimulus
What is dishabituation
recovery of a habituated response after a change in stimulation
What is attention and how does it influences info process
attention is focusing on mental resources, it gives us the cog ability to complete tasks
How does attention affect infants
first year is all about orienting/investigating process, joint attention can help infants learn, habituation helps determine infants well being
What is joint attention
focusing attention with someone else, someone points at something and u both look
How does attention affect childhood
salient(obvious) stimuli, flashy cartoons are better for childhood attention than boring ones
