Chapter 10

Question 1

What are an infants first emotional expressions?

Answer 1

crying and smiling

Question 2

How does emotions play a role in early childhood

Answer 2

emotional regulation, plays a role in success of peer relationships

Question 3

What are the three basic types of temperament identified by Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas?

Answer 3

Easy Child, Difficult child, Slow to warm up child

Question 4

What is an easy child?

Answer 4

positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines, adapts to new experiences

Question 5

What are primary emotions?

Answer 5

emotions in first six months, sadness, happiness, mad, disgust, etc

Question 6

What are self conscious emotions

Answer 6

emotions in relation to the self; pride, empathy, embarrassment, most evident in early childhood

Question 7

How does emotional development affect middle and late childhood

Answer 7

able to feel empathy, cope with stress, supressing negative emotions

Question 8

what is a difficult child?

Answer 8

Negative, cries a lot, slow to accept change, irregular routines

Question 9

What is a slow to warm up child

Answer 9

low activity level, somewhat negative, low intensity of mood

Question 10

What is temperament

Answer 10

individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristics of responding

Question 11

How might gender affect temperament

Answer 11

Parents might react differently depending on boy or girl, and may also differentiate based off culture too

Question 12

What is the criticism of Chess and Thomas

Answer 12

oversimplified, can have negative connotations(what if you don’t fit into the categories)

Question 13

What percentage of people fit into Chess and Thomas

Answer 13

35% don’t fit

Question 14

What is attachment

Answer 14

emotional bond between two people

Question 15

What did Freud say about attachment

Answer 15

infants become attached to the person(moM) or objecct that provides oral satisfaction

Question 16

What did Harlow say about attachment

Answer 16

Rebuked Freud, contact comfort is more important than a feeling, monkey experiment(monkey chooses comfortable coat as a mother rather than sharp and cold metal that feeds it)

Question 17

What did Erikson say about attachment

Answer 17

Physical comfort and sensitive care are key to establishing basic trust, trust is the foundation for attachment, sets the stage for expecting the world to be trustworthy

Question 18

What did John Bowlby say about attachment

Answer 18

infants and primary caregivers are biologically wired to form attachments, critical during early years, develops in phases

Question 19

How does attachment and temperament relate

Answer 19

temperament affects how we attach to other people

Question 20

What did Mary Ainsworth(student of Bowlby) think of attachment

Answer 20

created the strange situation experiment

Question 21

What is strange situation

Answer 21

the observational measure of infant attachment, babies with caregivers, then without, then with caregivers and adult strangers, which involves a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with the caregiver and adult stranger

Question 22

What were the four types of babies in the strange situation

Answer 22

Securely attached babies, insecure-avoidant, insecure resistant, insecure disorganized

Question 23

What are securely attached babies

Answer 23

use the caregiver as a base from which they go exploring, when the caregiver leaves they protest mildly, when they return may smile and then go play

Question 24

What are insecure avoidant babies

Answer 24

Little interaction with the mother, and doesn’t care if she leaves, when they return does not reestablish base and may even turn away when forced contact

Question 25

What are insecure resistant babies

Answer 25

Cling but also push away and resist her, when the caregiver leaves they cry until she returns and does not explore the room, when the caregiver returns they resist

Question 26

What are insecure disorganized babies

Answer 26

dazed, confused, fearful, extreme fear around caregiver

Question 27

What are some criticism of Strange Situation

Answer 27

may be culturally biased as a measure of attachment, lab behavior different than environment, limited assessment on paternal attachment, or mom and dad separately

Question 28

What is attachment theory

Answer 28

heightened emphasis on infant attachment,

Question 29

What are some criticisms on attachment theory

Answer 29

what about other periods, the diversity of socializing agents and contexts are often ignored