Chapter 10 Flashcards
What are an infants first emotional expressions?
crying and smiling
How does emotions play a role in early childhood
emotional regulation, plays a role in success of peer relationships
What are the three basic types of temperament identified by Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas?
Easy Child, Difficult child, Slow to warm up child
What is an easy child?
positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines, adapts to new experiences
What are primary emotions?
emotions in first six months, sadness, happiness, mad, disgust, etc
What are self conscious emotions
emotions in relation to the self; pride, empathy, embarrassment, most evident in early childhood
How does emotional development affect middle and late childhood
able to feel empathy, cope with stress, supressing negative emotions
what is a difficult child?
Negative, cries a lot, slow to accept change, irregular routines
What is a slow to warm up child
low activity level, somewhat negative, low intensity of mood
What is temperament
individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristics of responding
How might gender affect temperament
Parents might react differently depending on boy or girl, and may also differentiate based off culture too
What is the criticism of Chess and Thomas
oversimplified, can have negative connotations(what if you don’t fit into the categories)
What percentage of people fit into Chess and Thomas
35% don’t fit
What is attachment
emotional bond between two people
What did Freud say about attachment
infants become attached to the person(moM) or objecct that provides oral satisfaction
What did Harlow say about attachment
Rebuked Freud, contact comfort is more important than a feeling, monkey experiment(monkey chooses comfortable coat as a mother rather than sharp and cold metal that feeds it)
What did Erikson say about attachment
Physical comfort and sensitive care are key to establishing basic trust, trust is the foundation for attachment, sets the stage for expecting the world to be trustworthy
What did John Bowlby say about attachment
infants and primary caregivers are biologically wired to form attachments, critical during early years, develops in phases
How does attachment and temperament relate
temperament affects how we attach to other people
What did Mary Ainsworth(student of Bowlby) think of attachment
created the strange situation experiment
What is strange situation
the observational measure of infant attachment, babies with caregivers, then without, then with caregivers and adult strangers, which involves a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with the caregiver and adult stranger
What were the four types of babies in the strange situation
Securely attached babies, insecure-avoidant, insecure resistant, insecure disorganized
What are securely attached babies
use the caregiver as a base from which they go exploring, when the caregiver leaves they protest mildly, when they return may smile and then go play
What are insecure avoidant babies
Little interaction with the mother, and doesn’t care if she leaves, when they return does not reestablish base and may even turn away when forced contact
What are insecure resistant babies
Cling but also push away and resist her, when the caregiver leaves they cry until she returns and does not explore the room, when the caregiver returns they resist
What are insecure disorganized babies
dazed, confused, fearful, extreme fear around caregiver
What are some criticism of Strange Situation
may be culturally biased as a measure of attachment, lab behavior different than environment, limited assessment on paternal attachment, or mom and dad separately
What is attachment theory
heightened emphasis on infant attachment,
What are some criticisms on attachment theory
what about other periods, the diversity of socializing agents and contexts are often ignored
