Chapter 14 Flashcards
What are different families
A group of 2 or more people related by birth, marriage, or adoption who live together,
Social groups made up of parents and their children
Group of people who come from the same ancestor
Group of people living together in a household
What is family science
relationship-focused, evidence based, preventative, translational, and strengths oriented
What are Family processes
things families do as a system to adjust woth new situations and needs
What are some family processes
decision-making/problem-solving
parenting/childrearing/socialization
Coping
results/rituals
What are the Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory
social contexts that influence child development
What are the 5 social contexts of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory
Chronosystem, Macrosystem, exosystem, Mesosystem, Microsystem
What is a microsystem
family, home life
What is a mesosystem
friends, school
What are an exosystem
social media, work, indirect environment
Macrosystem
religion values, social and cultural values
What is a chronosystem
Children who were born with social interactions with wearing masks, changes over time
What are some critiques of Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory?
Unique variations for children that experience marginalization(think intersectionality)
How does the Cultural Majority think of their status vs the cultural minority
Majority think it isn’t part of identity, minority think dimensions are a major part of their identity
What is mutual synchrony
Person’s behavior depends on the partner’s previous behavior
How does mutual synchrony relate to parent and children
parent-child relationships are positively related to children’s social competence(scaffolding)
What is reciprocal socialization
bidirectional socialization, children socialize parents just as parents socialize children
What are some examples of parents and children socializing each other
playdates(the parents interact with the kids and build off each other)
Children need a phone(checking with friends as well as parents, parents discussing if they should give phone to each other)
playing video games
What is the Family systems theory?
Mutual synchrony, dyadic and polyadic subsystems, bidirectional and reciprocal socialization, direct and indirect interactions between children and parents
How does mutual synchrony work in to the family systems theory
all layers(sibling interacting with each vs interacting with parents) in order for the family to function they must work together
What are dyadic subsystems?
between two people, mom and dad
What are Polyadic subsystem
parental and sibling system interact, relationships that operate in synchronicity between two or more people
what is the theory of human behavior
Family unit as a complex social system, in which members interact to influence each other’s behavior, family members interconnect, allowing to view the system as whole rather than individual elements
How does the theory of human behavior affect the
affects the processes because if someone new is born or new environments are created(divorce moving, etc) it impacts the way we interact with each other and with the child, and the parenting styles for that kid
What is co parenting
parents parent but are no longer a couple or together(divorce)
Parental thoughts, beliefs, and values about parenting turn into
positive or negative child outcomes
Increased interactions with parents turn into
Express emotions which turn into greater social competence
Parental Sensitivity to child emotion turn into
Positive emotional management in Children
What are some factors that affect adult development trajectories`
timing of entry in to marriage, cohabitation, and/or parenthood
What are some factors that affect child/adolescent development trajectories
timing of childcare, entry into school, older or younger siblings
Some factors that affect the family
some timing of family task and changes are planned(reentry into workforce, delaying parenthood), but some are not(job loss, divorce)
What are some advantages of having children earlier
Parents have more physical energy, mother has less medical problems, parents have less expectations for children
What are some advantages of having children in thirties
parents have considered life goals that they want from family and career
parents will be more mature and competent parents
better established in their career and have more income for the child
more secure finances
What are the five domains of domain-specific socialization(parents socialize children)
Protection, Reciprocity, Control, Guided Learning, Group participation
What is protection
child develops sense of security and perceives being comforted, outcomes= child being able to respond appropriately to danger and to engage in self regulation of distress
What is Reciprocity
parent and child are equal basis as partners( context of play), outcomes= child develops cooperativeness and desire to comply with parental requests
What is control
interaction between parents and children involves conflict because parents want one thing and children want another, often when children misbehave; parents may use power to discourage behavior through reasoning, punishment, social isolation, outcomes= development of moral and principled behavior
What is guided learning
Parents guide children’s learning of skills through the use of effective strategies and feedback, parents are teachers and children are students, outcomes= acquiring knowledge and skills
What is group participation
Socialization involves increasing children’s participation in cultural practices, outcomes= include conformity to cultural group practices and values that provide child with sense of social identity
How do we parent?
We will take from our parents, the good and the bad
How do the parents parent during inancy
the gradual shift from routing caregiving to non caregiver activities such as play
How do parents parent during childhood
focus on matters such as modesty and compliance(bedtimes, temper, fighting, eating, dressing)
What are the 4 types of parenting styles
Permissive, Authoritative, Uninvolved, Authoritarian
What is Authoritarian parenting
restrictive, punitive, often with many punishments for unexplained rules, firm limits, and controlling, related to children having weak communication and social incompetence
What is Authoritative parenting
Want children to be independent but still have controls and limits, give and take with warm nursing relationship, related to children having good social competence and achievement-related and self-reliant
what is uninvolved parenting
neglectful, often making other aspects more important than children, related to children having low self-esteem, immaturity, and delinquency
What is permissive parenting
Giving child everything they want, highly involved with few limits and controls, makes children never able to control themselves and make them think the only way is their way, this relates to a child unable to learn respect, being domineering, egocentric, noncompliant, and having troubles with peers
Parental monitoring and adolescence
Research shows more monitoring = less info disclosed; important to balance parental monitoring and not be on kids head to tell them everything if they want to know whats going on in their life
Parents as managers of childrens lives
Parents supervise the choice of social settings, activities, friends, and academic efforts as children but stop once they become adolescents
Old Model of parenting
Autonomy; parents aren’t really involved or the adolescents don’t really want them to be
New model of parenting
Attachment and autonomy; parents are important support systems and attachment source
Conflict
Adolescents push for autonomy and responsibility puzzles and angers many parents causing conflict
what model is best response to conflict
new model
Parent-adolescent relatiosnhips and conflict
conflict happens over small everyday things>major dilemmas; more conflict earlier adolescence, less in later adolescence
Sibling relationships
Conflict between siblings is common
Higher sibling conflict = linked to increased depressive and delinquency symptoms
Higher sibling intimacy is related to prosocial behavior
Sibling relationships are not as close, not as intense, and more egalitarian than in childhood
Common parental reaction to sibling conflict
Intervene and resolve
Intentionally ignore
Least likely to encourage physical confrontations
Developmental theory on this look into i
Birth order
Oldest- perfectionsit, achiever, bossy, responsible, motivated
Middle child- adaptable, independent, people pleaser, feels left out
Youngest- social, charming, outgoing, uncomplicated, seeks attention
Only child- blend of the three; leader, responsible, perfectionist, center of attention, seek approval, sensitive
Stepfamilies
Less about the child themselves but more about how the parents interact with one another
Maintaining of parent relationship
Examples of diverse family structures
Same sex
Working parents
Single parents
Step families
Divorced families
What does research say about same sex family structures?
few differences between children growing up with straight or gay parents; majority stay popular if popular, no adjustment differences, and most are straight kids
What does research say about working parents family structures?
what matters for children’s development is the nature of parents’ work rather than whether parents works outside the home.. parents bring work into their home often, long hours= stressed parent= stressed kid
What does research say about divorced family structures?
majority kids stay same (75%); but the rest have serious emotional problems
What does research say about step family structures?
better relationships with actual parent than step parent, some adjustment problems at the start but get better over time, remarried couples need to help in rebuilding child-parent relationship and establishing step-parent-child and step-sibling relationships
