Chapter 16 Flashcards
What is Contemporary Approaches to student Learning
Direct instruction(teacher centered), and constructivist(learner centered)
What is the Montessori approach
It gives children freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities, allowed to move from one to another as they desire, teacher/s are facilitator, encourages independent problem-solving and effective time management
Criticism:
Neglect socioemotional development deemphasizes significant verbal interaction between teacher and child
What happens to kids in elementary school
New role of the student, develop new relationships, and discover rich sources of new ideas,
How can you educate adolescents
many sources of stress(start of puberty, top dog to lowest position in school, may start a sport or make new friends)
What is extrinsic motivation?
rewards or punishment
What is intrinsic motivation
self determination, curiosity, challenge, effort
Which is better between extrinsic and intrinsic
it is important for teachers to create learning environments where the students become cognitively engaged and develop a responsibility for their learning. However, students should be more intrinsically motivated; extrinsic can lead to cheating because they don’t care about learning. They care more about rewards and punishment
How is Piaget and Vygotsky theories apply to education
Vygotsky wanted a child-centered school(Montessori)
both think that the teachers are more in the background as a facilitators
Piaget wants the child own discovery, and Vygotosky enjoyed guided discovery, where the teacher points in general directions
Why are schools important for child development
sources of new sense of self(behaviors, feelings, attitudes)
support for socioemotional development(making friends, recess, play dates,)
What is the Constructivist approach
Learner-centered, child actively construct knowledge with teacher guidance, emphasized collaboration between children
Criticism
lack of accountability and disciplines assessment, vague and loose, hard to prepare them for next grade
What is the Direct Instruction approach
structured and teacher-centered, heightened emphasis on mastery skills, high student expectations for progress, maximum emphasis on mastery of skills, high student expectation for progress, the maximum time spent on learning tasks
Criticism
turns students into passive learners, not pushing them to think critically or creatively, students can get left behind
What happened in the No Child Left behind Act
held school accountable for student success, became very test focused, militarized schools, large amount of highschool dropouts, penalties for schools included shutting them down
What happened in the Every Student Succeeds Act
scaled back version of NCLB but still had testing, focused on preparing schools for careers and college, included provisions to help schools and students, helped high-need children and disadvantaged children, less penalizing for schools, all-time high for high school graduates
What happened in Common Core Status Standards
Rigorous state guidelines, benchmark learning plan for math and English, standards for how well students should be doing in subject, too focused on nonfiction books, and math and English
What is Semantics
refers to meaning of words in sentences
