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Child Development > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the self?

A

All things that make you you

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2
Q

What are the three different parts of the self?

A

Self-knowledge, Self-concept, and Self-esteem

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3
Q

What is self-concept?

A

Overall knowledge or perception of who they are; it is domain specific

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4
Q

What is self-esteem?

A

Global evaluation of the self; aka self-image or self-worth

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5
Q

What is self-knowledge/self-understanding?

A

Child’s cognitive representation of the self

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6
Q

What is a possible self?

A

What an individual might become, would like to become, and is afraid of becoming

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7
Q

Give an example showing the differences between self-esteem and self-concept.

A

Self-esteem: good feeling about themselves; macro level– “I am a good person”

Self-concept: domain specific and achievement oriented– “I am good at football but not at school”

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8
Q

Why is it important for a child to understand the self?

A

Develops the personality, understand their own needs, identify the skills they need to be successful in life, manage emotions responsibly, achieve goals, maintain a strong social network…

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9
Q

How do we learn self-understanding as a child?

A

Through roles and memberships (family,culture)

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10
Q

Does the self-understanding change over time?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What are 2 milestones of self-understanding that occur during infancy?

A
  1. Mirror self-recognition (3 to 18 months)
  2. Telegraphic speech with self-recognition (2 years)
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12
Q

What is the mirror technique?

A

Putting something on nose results in child touching their nose when looking into a mirror

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13
Q

What is self-recognition with regards to the mirror technique?

A

understanding they are their own reflection instead of it being a kid trapped inside mirror

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14
Q

What is telegraphic speech with self-recognition?

A

Two-worded speech made up of “Me” phrases such as “me big”

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15
Q

What are 5 milestones of self-understanding that occur during early childhood?

A
  1. Confusion of self, body, mind
  2. Concrete descriptions
  3. Physical descriptions
  4. Active descriptions
  5. Unrealistic positive overestimations

LOTS OF I and MINE phrases

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16
Q

What is confusion of self, mind, and body?

A

No separation from themself and body; describing the self as size, shape, or colors

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17
Q

What are concrete descriptions?

A

Describing the obvious; “I know my ABCs” or “I live in a big house”

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18
Q

What are physical descriptions?

A

Distinguishing themselves from others physically; “I am different from Sarah because I have brown hair while Sarah has red hair”

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19
Q

What are active descriptions?

A

Describe themselves by their actions

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20
Q

What are unrealistic positive overestimations?

A

“I am spiderman”

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21
Q

What are 4 milestones of self-understanding of middle and late childhood?

A
  1. Increased psychological characteristics and traits
  2. Increased social comparison
  3. Inclusion of social references in self-descriptions
  4. Real self vs ideal self
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22
Q

What are psychological characteristics and traits that are more commonly used?

A

I am popular, I am nice, I am mean, I am smart

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23
Q

What is social comparison?

A

What they can do compared to others

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24
Q

What is real versus ideal self?

A

Understanding their actual competencies and what they aspire to have

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25
Q

Why is the adolescence self-understanding development complex?

A

Compare themselves with others goes up but they internalize it instead of vocalizing it

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26
Q

What are the milestones of self-understanding in adolescence?

A
  1. Abstract thinking
  2. Self-consciousness
    3.
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27
Q

What does increased abstract and idealistic refer to?

A

Broader than children; “I do not know who I am” or “I am an indecisive human being”

28
Q

What does self-consciousness refer to in adolescent self-understanding?

A

They are more preoccupied about themselves; ties back to egocentrism

29
Q

What is social cognition?

A

Process in understanding world around us; how we think and reason about other people

30
Q

What are milestones of understanding others in infancy and early childhood?

A

Learning through other people; sharing and joint commitment

31
Q

What happens in middle and late childhood to late adolescence with regards to understanding others?

A
  1. Increased peer interactions
  2. Increased logic
  3. Complex understanding of public and private selves; social impression publicly vs chill at home
32
Q

Self-esteem across the lifespan with regards to sex differences

A

Men have higher self-esteem than women

33
Q

Harter’s Self Perception Profile for Children domain ranking

A

Physical appearance then scholastic competence then social acceptance then behavioral conduct then athletic comepetence

34
Q

How does self-esteem vary across the lifetime?

A

Up in childhood, down in adolescence and young adulthood, up in adulthood and elderly

35
Q

What is identity?

A

Own self portrait based on multiple areas of our lives; such as career, spiritual beliefs, intellectual, political, physical, interests, personality

36
Q

What was Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory?

A

People advance through eight stages of development based on how they adjust to social crises through their lives

37
Q

What are the five stages we go through up to adolescence?

A
  1. Trust/mistrust
  2. Autonomy vs shame and doubt
  3. Initiative vs guilt
  4. Industry vs inferiority
  5. Identity vs confusion
38
Q

What is trust and mistrust?

A

Child develops to trust with caregiver; event= feeding

39
Q

What is autonomy vs shame and doubt?

A

Develop personal control over physical skills; event= toilet training

40
Q

What is initiative vs guilt?

A

Asserting power and control over environment; event=exploration

41
Q

What is industry vs inferiority?

A

Cope with social and academic demands in school

42
Q

What is identity vs role confusion?

A

Development of self and personal identity

43
Q

What is the difference between Erikson and Piaget?

A

Psychosocial (ERIK) vs Cognitive (PIA)
Stages with crisis (ERIK) vs Schemas, assimilation, and accomodaition(PIA)
Lifespan(ERIK) vs Early adolescence cap (PIA)

44
Q

What is the similarity between Erikson and Piaget?

A

Stage based development, importance of development on life, roles of experience such as constructing knowledge(PIA) and social interactions=Idenity formation(ERIK)

45
Q

What is the difference between Erikson and Vygotsky?

A

Psychosocial (ERIK) vs Cognitive (VYG)
Stages(ERIK) vs Zone Proximal (VYG)
Lifespan(ERIK) vs Early adolescence cap (VYG)

46
Q

What is the similarity betweek Erikson and Vygotsky?

A

Both focus on development and interaction with environment

47
Q

James Marcia

A

Student of erikson who said life isnt about experinces but rather identity status by committing or exploring(CRISIS) an identity

48
Q

Identity Achievement

A

undergone crisis and made a commitment; businessmen who had midlife crisis to become priest because it would satisfy him OR apply to grad school

49
Q

Identity Moratorium

A

during crisis, but commitments are absent or only vaguely defined; visiting different churches but not committing to one religion OR taking night courses to find out if you like it

50
Q

Identity Forcelosure

A

commitment but no crisis; young marriage with no exploration OR take over daddy’s shoe store

51
Q

Identity Diffusion

A

no crisis, no commitment; college gap year OR drop out and flip burgers with no worries

52
Q

Oppression

A

Many of the cultural minority dimensions are likely an important aspect of their identity

53
Q

Privilege

A

Many of the cultural majority are unlikely to view that status as part of their identity

54
Q

Relationships and identity

A

Friends: serve as safe exploring experiences
Romantic: constructing identity and providing support for one another

55
Q

Ethnic racial identity

A

includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group and attitudes and feelings related to that membership

56
Q

Bicultural identity

A

identifying in some ways with ones ethnic group and in other ways with the majority culture

57
Q

Positive ethnic identity

A

Results in positive development

58
Q

Which of the following is considered a central aspect of an individual’s personality, lends an integrative dimension to our understanding of different personality characteristics

A

Self

59
Q

Which of the following refers to what individuals might become, what they would like to become, and what they are afraid of becoming

A

Possible Selves; refers to Metacognition and executive functioning

60
Q

Difference between self concept and self esteem

A

Self esteem is a macro level understanding of self
Someone believes that they are a good person
Self concept – domain specific
Specifically I’m not a great athlete, but I am a good musician

61
Q

The processes involved in understanding the world around us, especially how we think and reason about other people is referred to as social

A

Cognition

62
Q

The development of self - ____ is defined as the child’s cognitive representation of self or the substance and content of the child’s self conceptions

A

Understanding

63
Q

How do we come to recognize ourselves and others

A

Infants: self recognition = seeing their reflection in the mirror, through the mirror test/using the word I, my, or language/by perception and motor coupling, navigating the world around them
Childhood: vocalizing/language development, early stages of physical descriptors of social comparison (mostly in adolescence)

64
Q

What is identity? What is the link between self and identity?

A

All the things that make up self play into our identity/underpinnings of identity

65
Q

What is the difference between self understanding and self concept?

A

Self-understanding is the awareness of the their cognitive and emotional awareness of themselves
Self-concept encompasses the childs evaluation and beliefs about themselves

Child Development (9 decks)

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