Chapter 7 - Trauma and Dissociation Flashcards

1
Q

What is new about the disorders related to trauma and dissociation?

A

-they are new being grouped together in DSM 5

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2
Q

What are trauma and stressor disorders?

A

-disorders that develop after a stressful or traumatic life event

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3
Q

What disorders fall under trauma and stressor disorders? (4)

A

-childhood attachment disorders
-PSTD
-acute stress disorder
-adjustment disorders

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4
Q

When did PTSD first show up in the DSM?

A

-DSM 3 following the Vietnam war

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5
Q

What is the clinical description of PTSD? Define both criteria A and B. (6)

A
  • Criteria A: Trauma has occurred
  • Criteria B: More than a month:
    -fear of re-experiencing a traumatic event (cognitive re-experiencing)
    -nightmares or flashbacks
    -avoidance of the intense feelings of the event (avoidance) through emotional numbing (numbing)
    -acute, chronic, delayed-onset
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6
Q

What do we define trauma as occurring in the PTSD definition?

A

-exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence (direct experience, witnessing the event, learning of the event)

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7
Q

What is delayed expression of PTSD?

A

-expression of PTSD 6 months or even a year after the event

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8
Q

How do younger children show PTSD differently?

A

-bed wetting, separation fears, hard time remembering (avoidant), may reenact some of the trauma through play

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9
Q

Approximately what percentage of acute stress disorder patients develop PTSD?

A

-50%, some people who develop PTSD may not meet the criteria for acute stress disorder first

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10
Q

What percentage of people who have been sexually assaulted develop PTSD?

A

-approx 1/3

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11
Q

What percentage of Canadian auto accident victims develop PTSD?

A

-15-20%

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12
Q

What percent of the Canadian armed forces develop PTSD?

A

-11%

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13
Q

What percentage of the general population develop PTSD?

A

-8%

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14
Q

Which brain structure issues would result in PTSD

A

-amygdala or hippocampus differences

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15
Q

If there is a threat to someone’s life and they are injured, do they have higher rates of PTSD?

A

-yes, and if they are only injured rather than threatened they have a higher rate too

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16
Q

What are four treatments for PTSD? (4)

A

-imaginal exposure (being exposed to your thoughts and feelings)
-cognitive therapy
-EMDR
-SSRIs

17
Q

What is the invictus games?

A

-event for those who are in the army, first responders

18
Q

When is PTSD considered chronic?

A

-when PTSD lasts longer than 3 months

19
Q

When did prolonged grief disorder become an official diagnosis? What is prolonged grief disorder? (2)

A

-in DSM 5,
-death of a loved one at least a year ago.
-Since the death an individual has one or both of these symptoms: intense yearning and long for the dead person that has not diminished and preoccupation with thoughts/memories of the deceased person

20
Q

What are adjustment disorders? How long do they last? (2)

A

-reaction to life stressors that seem to be over the top
-begin within 3 months and last up to 6 months

21
Q

What are the attachment disorders related to trauma? (2)

A

-reactive attachment disorder
-disinhibited social engagement disorder

22
Q

What is reactive attachment disorder?

A

-the child very seldom seeks out a caregiver for protection and support or responds to caregivers and they have had extreme neglect or abuse

23
Q

What is disinhibited social engagement disorder? Example? (2)

A

-the child shows no inhibitions to approaching adults
Example: they attach just about to anyone, to strangers

24
Q

What are the three dissociative disorders? (3)

A

-depersonalization/derealization disorder
-dissociative amnesia
-DID

25
Q

What is dissociation?

A

-disruption in the normal integration of consciousness and sense of who we are

26
Q

What is depersonalization? Example. (2)

A

-recurrent experiences of feeling detached from oneself, as if you’re an outside observer
Example: feeling like you are in a dream, feeling a sense of unreality or like time is moving slowly

27
Q

Describe depersonalization-derealization disorder. (3)

A

-severe feelings of detachment
-significant distress
-rare; onset follows traumatic event

28
Q

What can depersonalization-derealization disorder cause? Symptoms? (4)

A

-cognitive and perceptual deficits occur
-mind emptiness
-deficits in emotional regulation
-dysregulation in the HPA axis

29
Q

What is generalized dissociative amnesia?

A

-inability to remember anything, including identity (general means not just one specific point in time)

30
Q

What is localized/selective amnesia?

A

-inability to remember specific events (usually traumatic)

31
Q

What is dissociative fugue?

A

-when you have amnesia and you wonder off and go somewhere else, may have another identity

32
Q

What is dissociative trance disorder?

A

-in a trance like state, it is undesirable, sometimes believed to be possessed by spirit (subtype of DID)

33
Q

Is dissociation a state or a trait?

A

-a state, a way of dealing with extreme trauma

34
Q

Some people have suggested that those who experience dissociation are what?

A

-more suggestible