Chapter 1 - Psychopathology in Historical Context Flashcards
What are the criteria for a psychological disorder? (3)
-psychological dysfunction
-personal distress/impairment
-atypical or not culturally expected
What is psychopathology?
-the scientific study of psychological disorders
What is a scientist-practitioner?
-they are mental health professionals who take a scientific approach to their work
What are the three major categories that compose the study and discussion of psychological disorders? (3)
-clinical description
-causation
-treatment and outcome
What is a clinical description?
-Details of the combination of behaviours, thoughts, and feelings of an individual that make up a particular disorder.
When we look historically, what were people with mental health issues called?
-often demon or witch, there was a supernatural (god) perception of them
During the 14/15th century, what was another explanation for mental health issues that wasn’t supernatural?
-that insanity is natural and treated with sleep, rest, potions, etc
What were treatments for spirit possession?
-hanging person over snake pits, cold water baths
Where did the term lunatic come from?
-this belief that psychological functioning is affected by movements of moon and stars
What did Hippocrates and Galen say caused disease?
-imbalance of humors (black bile, blood, yellow bile etc)
What did John P. Grey say in the 19th century about insanity?
-that it always has physical causes and we should treat them like the physically ill
Who is Emil Kraeplin?
-founder of modern psychiatry
Who did moral therapy originate with and what did it encourage? (2)
-Philippe Pinel
-humane, socially facilitative atmosphere for patients
Who was the father of North American psychiatry?
-Benjamin Rush
Who reformed the moral treatment and initiated the mental hygiene movement?
-Dorothea Dix
What did Fritz Perls do?
-gestalt therapy with humanistic elements
Does the supernatural tradition have any place in a science of abnormal behaviour?
-no
Define phobia
-persistent fear of an object or situation
What is psychological dysfunctioning?
-breakdown in functioning (cognitive, emotional or behavioural)
Wakefield, who introduced the concept of harmful dysfunction, said what constitutes a psychological disorder? (2)
-a failure of one or more mechanisms to perform their evolved function
-the dysfunction produces harm/distress
Define a prototype
-a person with a very “textbook” version of a disorder
What three categories makes someone a scientist-practitioner?
-consumer of science
-evaluator of practice
-creator of scientific knowledge
Define presenting problem
-original complaint reported by the client
Define prevalence
-number of people displaying a disorder in total population
Define incidence
-number of new cases of disorder appearing during a specific time period
Define course
-pattern of development and change of disorder over time
Define prognosis
-predicted future development of a disorder over time
Define etiology
-cause/source of a disorder
Define mental hygiene movement
-effort to improve care of the mentally disordered by informing the public of their mistreatment.
