Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology I > Chapter 7: Tissues of Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Tissues of Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

connective tissue with matrix hardened by minerals

A

osseous (bone) tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

forerunner of most bones, present in joints

A

cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

connect bones at joints

A

ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

functions of skeletal system

A
  1. support
  2. protection
  3. movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

calcium and phosphate ions

A

electrolyte balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

buffers blood against pH changes (absorbing and releasing phosphates)

A

acid-base balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

red bone marrow=produces blood cells

A

blood formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

levers acted upon by muscles

A

long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

femur, ulna, radius

A

long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

bones that glide across one another

A

short bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

talus, capitula

A

short bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bones that protect soft organs

A

flat bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sternum, scapula, skull

A

flat bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bones with elaborate shapes

A

irregular bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sphenoid, vertabrae

A

irregular bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ends of the bone

A

epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the middle length of the bone

A

diaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

denser, stronger bone type that provides structure and protection

A

compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

found in the ends of long bones or middle of other bones; lighter and less dense

A

spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hollow part on the bone that contains blood marrow

A

marrow cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

connective tissue that covers the end of bones that articulate with other bones

A

articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

connective tissue covering all surfaces of bones except for joints

A

periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

spongy layer in cranium

A

dipole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

lines the inner surfaces of bones

A

endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cells that can form into osteocytes, osteoblasts, or osteoclasts; ex:stem cells, mesenchyme cells

A

osteogenic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

bone-forming cells; non-mitotic, synthesize organic matter for mineralization or ossification

A

osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

former osteoblasts that reside in lacunae

A

osteocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

bone-dissolving cells on bone surface

A

osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

1/3 of the dry weight of bone matrix

A

organic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

2/3 of the dry weight of bone matrix

A

inorganic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

synthesized by osteoblasts; ex: collagen, carbohydrate-protein complexes

A

organic matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

85% hydroxyapatite, 10% CaCO3, other minerals like fluoride, sodium, potassium, magnesium)

A

inorganic matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

pushing on bones

A

compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

pulling on bones

A

tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

having soft bones, deficiency of calcium salts; cannot resist compression

A

rickets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

brittle bone disease; lack of collagen; cannot resist tension

A

osteogenic imperfecta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

basic structural unit of bone

A

osteon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

layers of matrix that form cylinders

A

lamellae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

canal running down the middle of the osteon

A

central canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

not arranged as osteons, inner and outer boundaries

A

circumferential lamellae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

remnants of osteons that have been broken down

A

interstitial lamellae

40
Q

vascular canals perpendicularly joining central canals

A

perforating canals

41
Q

thin plates of bone

A

trabeculae

42
Q

all children have this type bone marrow

A

red bone marrow

43
Q

produces blood cells; multiple tissue

A

hemopoietic tissue

44
Q

bone marrow found primarily in adults; no longer produces blood

A

yellow bone marrow

45
Q

process of bone formation

A

ossification (osteogeneis)

46
Q

making of bones between connective tissue membrane (mesenchyme)

A

inter-membranous ossification

47
Q

process of making bones with cartilage (hyaline)

A

endochondral ossification

48
Q

where the primary ossification and marrow cavity are

A

shaft of bone

49
Q

where the secondary ossification center and marrow cavities are

A

ends of bone

50
Q

growth plates that provide for increase in length of bone during childhood and adolesence

A

epiphyseal plates

51
Q

steps involved in replacing cartilage with bone

A

metaphysis

52
Q

chondrocytes are not active

A

zone of reserve cartilage

53
Q

chondrocytes begin to multiply and lengthens diaphysis

A

zone of cell proliferation

54
Q

chondrocytes stop multiplying, but enlarges by hypertrophy thinning lacunae walls

A

zone of hypertrophy

55
Q

calcification of cartilage

A

zone of calcification

56
Q

breakdown of lacuna walls, bone deposition by osteoblasts forming trabeculae

A

zone of bone deposition

57
Q

bones increase in length

A

interstitial growth

58
Q

bones increase in width

A

appositional grown

59
Q

architecture of bone determined by mechanical stresses

A

Wolff’s law of bone

60
Q

long bones stop growing in childhood; normal torso, short limbs

A

achondroplastic dwarfism

61
Q

lack of growth hormone; normal proportions with short stature

A

pituitary dwarism

62
Q

crystallization process; calcium phosphate taken from blood and deposited in bone tissue

A

mineral deposition (mineralization)

63
Q

may occur in lungs, brain, eyes, muscles, or arteries

A

abnormal calcification

64
Q

calcified mass in otherwise soft organ

A

calculus

65
Q

process of dissolving bone and releasing minerals into blood

A

mineral resorption

66
Q

component of DNA, RNA, ATP, phospholipids; in pH buffers

A

phosphate

67
Q

needed in neuron communication, muscle contraction, blood clotting, exocytosis

A

calcium

68
Q

deficiency of blood calcium

A

hypocacemia

69
Q

causes excitability of nervous system

A

hypocalcemia

70
Q

the involuntary contraction of the muscles in the hand and wrist

A

Trousseaus’ sign

71
Q

rare; excess calcium in blood

A

hypercalcemia

72
Q

released when calcium is low

A

calcitriol

73
Q

released when calcium is high

A

calcitonin

74
Q

form of vitamin D produced by sequential actions of skin, liver, and kidneys

A

calcitriol

75
Q

increases calcium absorption by small intestine

A

calcitriol

76
Q

increases calcium resorption from skeleton

A

calcitriol

77
Q

promotes kidney reabsorption of calcium ions, so less is lost in urine

A

calcitriol

78
Q

secreted by clear cells of the thyroid gland when calcium concentration rises too high

A

calcitonin

79
Q

osteoclast inhibition reduces activity

A

calcitonin

80
Q

osteoblast stimulation; increases activity

A

calcitonin

81
Q

secreted by parathyroid glands on posterior surface of thyroid gland

A

parathyroid hormone

82
Q

increases osteoclast population

A

parathyroid hormone

83
Q

promotes calcium reabsorption by kidney

A

parathyroid hormone

84
Q

promotes calcitriol synthesis in kidneys

A

parathyroid hormone

85
Q

inhibits collagen synthesis and bone deposition by osteoblasts

A

parathyroid hormone

86
Q

prevention and correction of injuries and disorders of bones, joints, and muscles

A

orthopedics

87
Q

caused by an abnormal trauma

A

stress fracture

88
Q

break in bone weakened by disease

A

pathological fracture

89
Q

cracked but stays in place

A

nondisplaced

90
Q

cracked and bone shifts

A

displaced

91
Q

bone is broken into 3+ pieces

A

communicated

92
Q

bone is broken on one side and bent on the other

A

greenstick

93
Q

the swelling of blood to a certain area

A

hematoma formation

94
Q

no surgery required, bone manipulated back into place

A

closed reduction

95
Q

surgical exposure of bone; use of plates, screws, or pins to realign fragments

A

open reduction

96
Q

most common bone disease; severe loss of bone density

A

osteoperosis

97
Q

deformity of spine due to vertebral bone loss

A

kyphosis (widow’s hump)

98
Q

can be caused by osteoperosis

A

kyphosis (widow’s hump)

Anatomy & Physiology I (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions