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Anatomy & Physiology I > Chapter 6: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

consists of the skin and accessory organs like hair, nails, and cutaneous glands

A

integumentary system

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2
Q

the most vulnerable organ

A

skin

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3
Q

scientific study and medical treatment of integumentary system

A

dermatology

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4
Q

functions of integumentary system

A
  1. barrier to infection/trauma
  2. vitamin D synthesis
  3. sensation
  4. thermoregulation
  5. nonverbal communication
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5
Q

layer made of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

epidermis

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6
Q

layer mad of connective tissue

A

dermis

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7
Q

layer made of mostly adipose

A

hypodermis

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8
Q

outermost layer of skin

A

epidermis

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9
Q

middle layer of skin

A

dermis

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10
Q

deepest layer of skin

A

hypodermis

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11
Q

kind of skin that covers most of the body; has hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands

A

thin skin

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12
Q

kind of skin on palms of hands, soles of feet, and fingers and toes; has sweat glands

A

thick skin

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13
Q

synthesize keratin

A

keratinocytes

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14
Q

synthesize melanin, shields DNA from UV radiation, distribute melanin through branched processes

A

melanocytes

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15
Q

immune cells

A

dendritic (Langerhans) cells

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16
Q

sensation cells

A

tactile cells

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17
Q

deepest layer of epidermis; stem cell division

A

stratum basale

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18
Q

second deepest layer of epidermis; multilayered; keratinocytes flattening dendritic cells roam

A

stratum spinosum

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19
Q

middle layer of epidermis; 3-5 layers

A

stratum granulosum

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20
Q

in this layer keratinocytes produce vesicles, release glycolipids to waterproof skin

A

stratum granulosum

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21
Q

this layer has a barrier that cuts off nutrients to distal cells

A

stratum granulosum

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22
Q

second most superficial layer of epidermis found only in thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

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23
Q

most superficial layer of epidermis; can be 30 layers; dead scaly keratinized cells flake off

A

stratum corneum

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24
Q

ridges that make up finger prints and help us to grab things

A

friction ridges

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25
Q

anchors the dermis to epidermis

A

dermal papillae

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26
Q

superficial areolar tissue in dermis

A

papillary layer

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27
Q

allows mobility of leukocytes and other defense cells if epidermis is torn

A

papillary layer

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28
Q

rich in small blood vessels

A

papillary layer

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29
Q

deeper and thicker layer, dense irregular connective tissue (collagen fibers)

A

reticular layer

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30
Q

causes stretch marks (striae)

A

reticular layer

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31
Q

layer of skin that is HIGHLY vascular

A

hypodermis

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32
Q

made of subcutaneous tissue, mostly areolar and adipose

A

hypodermis

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33
Q

pads body and binds skin to underlying tissues

A

hypodermis

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34
Q

where drugs are injected to be absorbed quickly

A

hypodermis

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35
Q

significant factor to skin color; brownish black; produced by melanocytes and stimulated by UV radiation

A

melanin

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36
Q

causes red skin color

A

hemoglobin

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37
Q

causes a yellow color; found in plants

A

carotene

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38
Q

lack of melanin; heritable mutations that lead to defective melanocytes

A

albinism

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39
Q

blueness from deficiency of oxygen in circulating blood (COPD)

A

cyanosis

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40
Q

redness from dilated cutaneous vessels (anger, sunburn, embarassment)

A

erythema

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41
Q

yellowing from excess bilirubin in blood (liver disease)

A

jaundice

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42
Q

golden-brown color of Addison’s disease (deficiency of glucocorticoid hormone)

A

bronzing

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43
Q

pale color from lack of blood flow (fear)

A

pallor

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44
Q

bruise (visible clot)

A

hematoma

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45
Q

tan/black aggregations of melanocytes

A

freckles & moles

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46
Q

patches of discolored skin; benign tumors of dermal blood capillaries

A

hemangiomas

47
Q

birthmarks that disappear in childhood

A

strawberry birthmarks

48
Q

birthmarks that last for life; often look like splashed liquid

A

port wine birthmarks

49
Q

form after birth by repeated closing of hand

A

flexion creases

50
Q

form in wrist and elbow areas; places where dermis folds to accomodate movement

A

flexion lines

51
Q

makes up hair and nails

A

hard keratin

52
Q

makes up stratum corneum

A

pliable soft keratin

53
Q

hair grows from oblique tube in skin

A

hair follicle

54
Q

another name for hair

A

pilus

55
Q

fine downy, unpigmented hair on fetus in last 3 months of development

A

lanugo

56
Q

fine, pale hair that replaces lanugo by birth

A

vellus

57
Q

longer, coarser, and usually more heavily pigmented type of hair

A

terminal

58
Q

swelling at base where the hair originates; only in living hair cells

A

bulb

59
Q

remainder of hair in follicle

A

root

60
Q

portion of hair above skin surface

A

shaft

61
Q

bud of vascular connective tissue encased by bulb

A

dermal papilla

62
Q

provides hair with nutrition

A

dermal papilla

63
Q

region of mitotically active cells immediately above papilla; hair’s growth center

A

hair matrix

64
Q

detects hair movement

A

hair receptor

65
Q

smooth muscles that cause goosebumps

A

piloerector muscle

66
Q

core of loosely arranged cell and air spaces

A

medulla

67
Q

bulk of hair, dense cells with hard keratin

A

cortex

68
Q

thin, scaly cells that overlap each other; outer covering of hair

A

cuticle

69
Q

gives dark hair color, melanin

A

eumelanin

70
Q

makes hair a red color

A

pheomelanin

71
Q

cross section of hair is round

A

straight hair

72
Q

cross section of of hair is an oval

A

wavy hair

73
Q

excessive or undesirable hairiness in non-hairy areas

A

hirsutism

74
Q

hair loss occurs from specific regions of scalp rather than thinning uniformly

A

pattern baldness

75
Q

clear, hard derivatives of stratum corneum; very thin, dead cells packed with hard keratin

A

fingernails & toenails

76
Q

hard part of nail

A

nail plate

77
Q

overhangs the fingertip

A

free edge

78
Q

visible attached part of nail

A

extends proximally under overlying skin

79
Q

surrounding skin rising above nail

A

nail fold

80
Q

separates fold from plate

A

nail groove

81
Q

skin underlying nail plate

A

nail bed

82
Q

narrow zone of dead skin on nails

A

eponychium (cuticle)

83
Q

growth zone of stratum basale at proximal end of nail

A

nail matrix

84
Q

in groin, anal region, axilla, areola, bearded area in men

A

aprocrine sweat glands

85
Q

sweat is thicker, milkly, contains fatty acids

A

aprocrine sweat glands

86
Q

body odor produced by bacterial action on fatty acids

A

bromhidrosis

87
Q

simple tubular glands; watery perpiration

A

eccrine sweat glands

88
Q

oily secretion produced by sebaceous glands

A

sebum

89
Q

flask-shaped glands with short ducts opening into hair follice

A

sebaceous glands

90
Q

secretion of broken down cells and products

A

holocrine gland

91
Q

hair follice is clogged with oil and dead skin cells

A

acne

92
Q

apocrine gland in the external ear canal; secretes earwax

A

ceruminous glands

93
Q

milk-producing glands activated only during pregnancy and lactation

A

mammary glands

94
Q

most common skin cancer; least dangerous and seldom metastasizes

A

basal cell carcinoma

95
Q

skin cancer that forms in stratum basale

A

basal cell carcinoma

96
Q

lesion is a small bump with central depression, beaded edges

A

basal cell carcinoma

97
Q

skin cancer that tends to metastasize; may become lethal; good recovery chance with early detection and surgical removal

A

squamous cell carcinoma

98
Q

skin cancer that forms in stratum spinosum

A

squamous cell carcinoma

99
Q

lesion is raised, reddened, scaly appearance later forming concave ulcer

A

squamous cell carcinoma

100
Q

most deadly form of skin cancer; treated surgically if caught early; metastasizes rapidly and unresponsive to chemotherapy

A

malignant melanoma

101
Q

skin cancer that forms from melanocytes often in preexisting mole

A

malignant melanoma

102
Q

removal of eschar

A

debridement

103
Q

partial thickness burn; involves only epidermis

A

first-degree burn

104
Q

redness, slight edema and pain; heals in a few days; most sunburns

A

first-degree burn

105
Q

partial-thickness burn; involves epidermis and part of dermis

A

second-degree burn

106
Q

leaves part of dermis intact; two weeks to several months to heal; may scar

A

second-degree burn

107
Q

full-thickness burn; involves epidermis and all of dermis; often deeper tissues

A

third-degree burn

108
Q

doesn’t hurt because it wipes out nerves

A

third-degree burn

109
Q

tissue taken from another location on same person’s body

A

autograft

110
Q

skin from identical twin

A

isograft

111
Q

skin graft from unrelated person

A

homograft (allograft)

112
Q

skin graft from another species

A

heterograft (xenograft)

113
Q

skin graft from silicone and collagen

A

artificial skin

Anatomy & Physiology I (15 decks)

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