Chapter 6: Integumentary System Flashcards
1
Q
consists of the skin and accessory organs like hair, nails, and cutaneous glands
A
integumentary system
2
Q
the most vulnerable organ
A
skin
3
Q
scientific study and medical treatment of integumentary system
A
dermatology
4
Q
functions of integumentary system
A
- barrier to infection/trauma
- vitamin D synthesis
- sensation
- thermoregulation
- nonverbal communication
5
Q
layer made of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
A
epidermis
6
Q
layer mad of connective tissue
A
dermis
7
Q
layer made of mostly adipose
A
hypodermis
8
Q
outermost layer of skin
A
epidermis
9
Q
middle layer of skin
A
dermis
10
Q
deepest layer of skin
A
hypodermis
11
Q
kind of skin that covers most of the body; has hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
A
thin skin
12
Q
kind of skin on palms of hands, soles of feet, and fingers and toes; has sweat glands
A
thick skin
13
Q
synthesize keratin
A
keratinocytes
14
Q
synthesize melanin, shields DNA from UV radiation, distribute melanin through branched processes
A
melanocytes
15
Q
immune cells
A
dendritic (Langerhans) cells
16
Q
sensation cells
A
tactile cells
17
Q
deepest layer of epidermis; stem cell division
A
stratum basale
18
Q
second deepest layer of epidermis; multilayered; keratinocytes flattening dendritic cells roam
A
stratum spinosum
19
Q
middle layer of epidermis; 3-5 layers
A
stratum granulosum
20
Q
in this layer keratinocytes produce vesicles, release glycolipids to waterproof skin
A
stratum granulosum
21
Q
this layer has a barrier that cuts off nutrients to distal cells
A
stratum granulosum
22
Q
second most superficial layer of epidermis found only in thick skin
A
stratum lucidum
23
Q
most superficial layer of epidermis; can be 30 layers; dead scaly keratinized cells flake off
A
stratum corneum
24
Q
ridges that make up finger prints and help us to grab things
A
friction ridges
25
anchors the dermis to epidermis
dermal papillae
26
superficial areolar tissue in dermis
papillary layer
27
allows mobility of leukocytes and other defense cells if epidermis is torn
papillary layer
28
rich in small blood vessels
papillary layer
29
deeper and thicker layer, dense irregular connective tissue (collagen fibers)
reticular layer
30
causes stretch marks (striae)
reticular layer
31
layer of skin that is HIGHLY vascular
hypodermis
32
made of subcutaneous tissue, mostly areolar and adipose
hypodermis
33
pads body and binds skin to underlying tissues
hypodermis
34
where drugs are injected to be absorbed quickly
hypodermis
35
significant factor to skin color; brownish black; produced by melanocytes and stimulated by UV radiation
melanin
36
causes red skin color
hemoglobin
37
causes a yellow color; found in plants
carotene
38
lack of melanin; heritable mutations that lead to defective melanocytes
albinism
39
blueness from deficiency of oxygen in circulating blood (COPD)
cyanosis
40
redness from dilated cutaneous vessels (anger, sunburn, embarassment)
erythema
41
yellowing from excess bilirubin in blood (liver disease)
jaundice
42
golden-brown color of Addison's disease (deficiency of glucocorticoid hormone)
bronzing
43
pale color from lack of blood flow (fear)
pallor
44
bruise (visible clot)
hematoma
45
tan/black aggregations of melanocytes
freckles & moles
46
patches of discolored skin; benign tumors of dermal blood capillaries
hemangiomas
47
birthmarks that disappear in childhood
strawberry birthmarks
48
birthmarks that last for life; often look like splashed liquid
port wine birthmarks
49
form after birth by repeated closing of hand
flexion creases
50
form in wrist and elbow areas; places where dermis folds to accomodate movement
flexion lines
51
makes up hair and nails
hard keratin
52
makes up stratum corneum
pliable soft keratin
53
hair grows from oblique tube in skin
hair follicle
54
another name for hair
pilus
55
fine downy, unpigmented hair on fetus in last 3 months of development
lanugo
56
fine, pale hair that replaces lanugo by birth
vellus
57
longer, coarser, and usually more heavily pigmented type of hair
terminal
58
swelling at base where the hair originates; only in living hair cells
bulb
59
remainder of hair in follicle
root
60
portion of hair above skin surface
shaft
61
bud of vascular connective tissue encased by bulb
dermal papilla
62
provides hair with nutrition
dermal papilla
63
region of mitotically active cells immediately above papilla; hair's growth center
hair matrix
64
detects hair movement
hair receptor
65
smooth muscles that cause goosebumps
piloerector muscle
66
core of loosely arranged cell and air spaces
medulla
67
bulk of hair, dense cells with hard keratin
cortex
68
thin, scaly cells that overlap each other; outer covering of hair
cuticle
69
gives dark hair color, melanin
eumelanin
70
makes hair a red color
pheomelanin
71
cross section of hair is round
straight hair
72
cross section of of hair is an oval
wavy hair
73
excessive or undesirable hairiness in non-hairy areas
hirsutism
74
hair loss occurs from specific regions of scalp rather than thinning uniformly
pattern baldness
75
clear, hard derivatives of stratum corneum; very thin, dead cells packed with hard keratin
fingernails & toenails
76
hard part of nail
nail plate
77
overhangs the fingertip
free edge
78
visible attached part of nail
extends proximally under overlying skin
79
surrounding skin rising above nail
nail fold
80
separates fold from plate
nail groove
81
skin underlying nail plate
nail bed
82
narrow zone of dead skin on nails
eponychium (cuticle)
83
growth zone of stratum basale at proximal end of nail
nail matrix
84
in groin, anal region, axilla, areola, bearded area in men
aprocrine sweat glands
85
sweat is thicker, milkly, contains fatty acids
aprocrine sweat glands
86
body odor produced by bacterial action on fatty acids
bromhidrosis
87
simple tubular glands; watery perpiration
eccrine sweat glands
88
oily secretion produced by sebaceous glands
sebum
89
flask-shaped glands with short ducts opening into hair follice
sebaceous glands
90
secretion of broken down cells and products
holocrine gland
91
hair follice is clogged with oil and dead skin cells
acne
92
apocrine gland in the external ear canal; secretes earwax
ceruminous glands
93
milk-producing glands activated only during pregnancy and lactation
mammary glands
94
most common skin cancer; least dangerous and seldom metastasizes
basal cell carcinoma
95
skin cancer that forms in stratum basale
basal cell carcinoma
96
lesion is a small bump with central depression, beaded edges
basal cell carcinoma
97
skin cancer that tends to metastasize; may become lethal; good recovery chance with early detection and surgical removal
squamous cell carcinoma
98
skin cancer that forms in stratum spinosum
squamous cell carcinoma
99
lesion is raised, reddened, scaly appearance later forming concave ulcer
squamous cell carcinoma
100
most deadly form of skin cancer; treated surgically if caught early; metastasizes rapidly and unresponsive to chemotherapy
malignant melanoma
101
skin cancer that forms from melanocytes often in preexisting mole
malignant melanoma
102
removal of eschar
debridement
103
partial thickness burn; involves only epidermis
first-degree burn
104
redness, slight edema and pain; heals in a few days; most sunburns
first-degree burn
105
partial-thickness burn; involves epidermis and part of dermis
second-degree burn
106
leaves part of dermis intact; two weeks to several months to heal; may scar
second-degree burn
107
full-thickness burn; involves epidermis and all of dermis; often deeper tissues
third-degree burn
108
doesn't hurt because it wipes out nerves
third-degree burn
109
tissue taken from another location on same person's body
autograft
110
skin from identical twin
isograft
111
skin graft from unrelated person
homograft (allograft)
112
skin graft from another species
heterograft (xenograft)
113
skin graft from silicone and collagen
artificial skin
