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Anatomy & Physiology I > Chapter 5: Histology > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Histology Flashcards

1
Q

study of tissues and their arrangement in organ

A

histology

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2
Q

group of similar cells working together to perform a specific role within an organ

A

tissue

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3
Q

four main types of tissue

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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4
Q

sheet of closely adhering cells

A

epithelial tissue

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5
Q

upper surface exposed to environment or an internal space

A

epithelial tissue

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6
Q

lower surface sits on basement membrane

A

epithelial tissue

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7
Q

has 1 layer, all cells touch basement membrane

A

simple epithelium

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8
Q

multilayerd, upper cells do not touch basement membrane

A

stratified epithelium

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9
Q

single layer; permits rapid diffusion, secretes lubricating serous fluid

A

simple squamous epithelium

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10
Q

found in alveoli, glomeruli, endothelium, and serosa

A

simple squamous epithelium

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11
Q

single layer; round square cells, absorption and secretion

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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12
Q

found in liver, thyroid, mammary, salivary glands, and kidney tubules

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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13
Q

single layer; tall narrow cells; has goblet cells; absorption, secretion of mucus

A

simple columnar epithelium

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14
Q

found in lining of GI tract, uterus, and uterine tubes

A

simple columnar epithelium

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15
Q

looks multilayered; some not reaching free surface, but all touch basement membrane; has cilia and goblet cells

A

pseudostratified epithelium

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16
Q

found in trachea and portions of male urethra

A

pseudostratified epithelium

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17
Q

layer of dead scaly cells at surface; dry; resists abrasion; retards water loss; resists bacterial invasion

A

keratinized stratified squamous

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18
Q

found in skin epidermis, palms and soles of feet

A

keratinized stratified squamous

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19
Q

no keratinized layer; soft, moist, slippery, resists abrasion and pathogen invasion

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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20
Q

found in tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus, and vagina

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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21
Q

two or more cell layers; surface cells square/round; secretion

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

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22
Q

found in sweat glands, ducts, ovarian follicles, seminiferous tubules

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

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23
Q

multilayered epithelium surface cells; change from round to flat when stretched

A

transitional epithelium

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24
Q

found in renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder

A

transitional epithelium

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25
matrix=fibrous proteins+ground substance
connective tissue
26
cells & fibers in extracellular material
connective tissue
27
25% of body's protein (most abundant), tough, flexible, resists stretching
collagen fibers
28
tendons, ligaments, and deep layer of skin
collagen fibers
29
thin collagen fibers coated with glycoproteins; form framework of such organs as spleen and lymph nodes
reticular fibers
30
made of elastin protein; allows stretch and
elastic fibers
31
usually gelatinous rubbery consistency due to three classes of large molecules
ground substance
32
three molecules in ground substance
glycosaminoglycans (GAG), proteoglycans, and adhesive glycoproteins
33
bind components of tissues together
glycoproteins
34
loose fibrous connective tissue with less fiber and more ground substance
areolar tissue
35
underlies all epithelia, mesenteries, between muscles
areolar tissue
36
loose fibrous connective tissue with mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts
reticular connective tissue
37
forms supportive stroma (framework) for lymphatic organs
reticular connective tissue
38
found in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow
reticular connective tissue
39
densely packed, parallel collagen fibers; compressed fibroblast nuclei
dense regular connective tissue
40
elastic tissue/fibers in wavy sheets
dense regular connective tissue
41
found in tendons and ligaments
dense regular connective tissue
42
densely packed, randomly arranged collagen fibers, few cells; withstands unpredictables stresses
dense irregular connective tissue
43
found in dermis of skin, capsules around organs
dense irregular connective tissue
44
tissue that acts as a energy reservoir, thermal insulation
adipose tissue
45
most abundant type of fat found in adults
white fat
46
fat type found in fetuses & infants and generate heat
brown fat
47
supportive connective tissue with flexible rubbery matrix
cartilage
48
cells that produce matrix
chrondroblasts
49
cartilage cells in lacunae
chondrocytes
50
sheath of dense irregular tissue
perichondrium
51
clear, glassy appearance due to fineness of collagen fibers
hyaline cartilage
52
found in articular cartilage, costal cartilage, trachea, bronchi, and larynx
hyaline cartilage
53
looks wider than hyaline cartilage; cartilage with elastic fibers
elastic cartilage
54
found in external ear, epiglottis
elastic cartilage
55
cartilage containing large, coarse bundles of collagen fibers
fibrocartilage
56
found in pubic symphysis, menisci, intervertebral discs
fibrocartilage
57
tissue with solid matrix; calcified
bone tissue
58
mature bone cells in lacunae
osteocytes
59
delicate canals that radiate from each lacuna; allow osteocytes to contact each other
canaliculi
60
central canal+surrounding lamellae
osteon
61
tough fibrous connective tissue covering of bone
periosteum
62
cylinders that run longitudinally through shafts of long bones; haversion canal in center
compact bone
63
fluid connective tissue
blood
64
blood's liquid ground substance
plasma
65
red blood cells
erythrocytes
66
white blood cells
leukocytes
67
cell fragments involved in clotting
platelets
68
specialized tissue for communication by electrical and chemical signals
nervous tissue
69
main cells of nervous system; detect stimuli, respond quickly
neurons
70
houses the nucleus and other organelles in neurons
neurosoma
71
receives signals from other cells
dendrites
72
sends outgoing signals
axons
73
protect and assist the neurons; "housekeepers" of the nervous system
neuroglia
74
elongated cells specialized to contract in response to stimulation
muscular tissue
75
long cells, called muscle fibers, unbranched; most attached to bone
skeletal muscle
76
cells with more than one nuclueus
multinucleate
77
alternating bands of dark and light
striations
78
muscle tissue found only in the heart
cardiac muscle tissue
79
cardiac muscle cells
cardiomyocytes
80
joins cardiocytes end to end
intercalated discs
81
relatively short and fusiform muscle tissue
smooth muscle
82
forms layers of digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts, blood vessels
visceral muscle
83
junction where the plasma membranes are closely packed together with membrane proteins joining them
tight junctions
84
junction where intermediate filaments join cells to allow for more flexibility and strength
desmosomes
85
junction where channels formed from connexons
gap junction
86
junction between the cells and basement membrane
hemidesmosomes
87
secretions of these glands go directly into the blood
endocrine
88
these glands found in thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands
endocrine
89
secretions released outside of body or into cavity of another organ by way of duct
exocrine
90
these glands found in sweat, mammary, and tear glands
exocrine
91
a gland with no branches
simple
92
gland with multiple branches
compound
93
gland that has dilated ducts
acinar
94
gland that has ducts uniform with the gland
tubular
95
combination of acinar and tubular glands
tubuloacinar
96
thin, watery secretions
serous glands
97
secretes things like sweat, milk, tears, digestive juices
serous glands
98
produce mucin that absorbs water to form sticky secretion called mucus
mucous glands
99
glands that release whole cells like the testes and ovaries
cytogenic glands
100
mode of secretion by exocytosis
eccrine (merocine) glands
101
type of secretion for tear glands, pancreas, gastric glands, mammary glands
eccrine
102
mode of secretion with blebs with material come off cells (contained in vesicles)
aprocrine glands
103
type of secretion for axillary sweat glands, mammary glands
aprocrine
104
cells accumulate product, then entire cell disintegrates
holocrine glands
105
type of secretion for oil glands of scalp
holocrine
106
membrane of skin; relatively dry layer
cutaneous membrane
107
membrane lines joint cavities; secretes synovial fluid
synovial membrane
108
internal membrane that covers organs and lines walls of body cavities; produces serous fluid
serous membrane (serosa)
109
internal membrane that lines passages that open to exterior enviornment
mucous membrane (mucosa)
110
tissue growth through cell multiplication
hyperplasia
111
enlargement of preexisting cells
hypertrophy
112
development of a tumor
neoplasia
113
changing from one type of mature tissue to another
metaplasia
114
replacement of damaged cells with original cells
regeneration
115
replacement of damaged cells with scar tissue; function not restored
fibrosis
116
healing with excessive fibrosis
keloid
117
embryonic stem cells can develop into any human cells
totipotent
118
cells of the embryo can develop into any human cells except accessory organs of pregnancy
pluripotent
119
adult stem cells that can develop into more than one cell line
multipotent
120
shrinkage of tissue through loss in cell size or number
atrophy
121
programmed cell death
apoptosis
122
premature, pathological death of tissue due to trauma, toxins, or infections
necrosis
123
sudden cell death when blood supply is cut off
infarction
124
dry gangrene
shrunken and discolored
125
wet gangrene
internal organs and pus

Anatomy & Physiology I (15 decks)

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