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Anatomy & Physiology I > Chapter 5: Histology > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Histology Flashcards

1
Q

study of tissues and their arrangement in organ

A

histology

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2
Q

group of similar cells working together to perform a specific role within an organ

A

tissue

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3
Q

four main types of tissue

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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4
Q

sheet of closely adhering cells

A

epithelial tissue

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5
Q

upper surface exposed to environment or an internal space

A

epithelial tissue

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6
Q

lower surface sits on basement membrane

A

epithelial tissue

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7
Q

has 1 layer, all cells touch basement membrane

A

simple epithelium

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8
Q

multilayerd, upper cells do not touch basement membrane

A

stratified epithelium

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9
Q

single layer; permits rapid diffusion, secretes lubricating serous fluid

A

simple squamous epithelium

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10
Q

found in alveoli, glomeruli, endothelium, and serosa

A

simple squamous epithelium

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11
Q

single layer; round square cells, absorption and secretion

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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12
Q

found in liver, thyroid, mammary, salivary glands, and kidney tubules

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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13
Q

single layer; tall narrow cells; has goblet cells; absorption, secretion of mucus

A

simple columnar epithelium

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14
Q

found in lining of GI tract, uterus, and uterine tubes

A

simple columnar epithelium

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15
Q

looks multilayered; some not reaching free surface, but all touch basement membrane; has cilia and goblet cells

A

pseudostratified epithelium

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16
Q

found in trachea and portions of male urethra

A

pseudostratified epithelium

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17
Q

layer of dead scaly cells at surface; dry; resists abrasion; retards water loss; resists bacterial invasion

A

keratinized stratified squamous

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18
Q

found in skin epidermis, palms and soles of feet

A

keratinized stratified squamous

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19
Q

no keratinized layer; soft, moist, slippery, resists abrasion and pathogen invasion

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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20
Q

found in tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus, and vagina

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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21
Q

two or more cell layers; surface cells square/round; secretion

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

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22
Q

found in sweat glands, ducts, ovarian follicles, seminiferous tubules

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

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23
Q

multilayered epithelium surface cells; change from round to flat when stretched

A

transitional epithelium

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24
Q

found in renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder

A

transitional epithelium

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25
Q

matrix=fibrous proteins+ground substance

A

connective tissue

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26
Q

cells & fibers in extracellular material

A

connective tissue

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27
Q

25% of body’s protein (most abundant), tough, flexible, resists stretching

A

collagen fibers

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28
Q

tendons, ligaments, and deep layer of skin

A

collagen fibers

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29
Q

thin collagen fibers coated with glycoproteins; form framework of such organs as spleen and lymph nodes

A

reticular fibers

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30
Q

made of elastin protein; allows stretch and

A

elastic fibers

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31
Q

usually gelatinous rubbery consistency due to three classes of large molecules

A

ground substance

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32
Q

three molecules in ground substance

A

glycosaminoglycans (GAG), proteoglycans, and adhesive glycoproteins

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33
Q

bind components of tissues together

A

glycoproteins

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34
Q

loose fibrous connective tissue with less fiber and more ground substance

A

areolar tissue

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35
Q

underlies all epithelia, mesenteries, between muscles

A

areolar tissue

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36
Q

loose fibrous connective tissue with mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts

A

reticular connective tissue

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37
Q

forms supportive stroma (framework) for lymphatic organs

A

reticular connective tissue

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38
Q

found in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow

A

reticular connective tissue

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39
Q

densely packed, parallel collagen fibers; compressed fibroblast nuclei

A

dense regular connective tissue

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40
Q

elastic tissue/fibers in wavy sheets

A

dense regular connective tissue

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41
Q

found in tendons and ligaments

A

dense regular connective tissue

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42
Q

densely packed, randomly arranged collagen fibers, few cells; withstands unpredictables stresses

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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43
Q

found in dermis of skin, capsules around organs

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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44
Q

tissue that acts as a energy reservoir, thermal insulation

A

adipose tissue

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45
Q

most abundant type of fat found in adults

A

white fat

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46
Q

fat type found in fetuses & infants and generate heat

A

brown fat

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47
Q

supportive connective tissue with flexible rubbery matrix

A

cartilage

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48
Q

cells that produce matrix

A

chrondroblasts

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49
Q

cartilage cells in lacunae

A

chondrocytes

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50
Q

sheath of dense irregular tissue

A

perichondrium

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51
Q

clear, glassy appearance due to fineness of collagen fibers

A

hyaline cartilage

52
Q

found in articular cartilage, costal cartilage, trachea, bronchi, and larynx

A

hyaline cartilage

53
Q

looks wider than hyaline cartilage; cartilage with elastic fibers

A

elastic cartilage

54
Q

found in external ear, epiglottis

A

elastic cartilage

55
Q

cartilage containing large, coarse bundles of collagen fibers

A

fibrocartilage

56
Q

found in pubic symphysis, menisci, intervertebral discs

A

fibrocartilage

57
Q

tissue with solid matrix; calcified

A

bone tissue

58
Q

mature bone cells in lacunae

A

osteocytes

59
Q

delicate canals that radiate from each lacuna; allow osteocytes to contact each other

A

canaliculi

60
Q

central canal+surrounding lamellae

A

osteon

61
Q

tough fibrous connective tissue covering of bone

A

periosteum

62
Q

cylinders that run longitudinally through shafts of long bones; haversion canal in center

A

compact bone

63
Q

fluid connective tissue

A

blood

64
Q

blood’s liquid ground substance

A

plasma

65
Q

red blood cells

A

erythrocytes

66
Q

white blood cells

A

leukocytes

67
Q

cell fragments involved in clotting

A

platelets

68
Q

specialized tissue for communication by electrical and chemical signals

A

nervous tissue

69
Q

main cells of nervous system; detect stimuli, respond quickly

A

neurons

70
Q

houses the nucleus and other organelles in neurons

A

neurosoma

71
Q

receives signals from other cells

A

dendrites

72
Q

sends outgoing signals

A

axons

73
Q

protect and assist the neurons; “housekeepers” of the nervous system

A

neuroglia

74
Q

elongated cells specialized to contract in response to stimulation

A

muscular tissue

75
Q

long cells, called muscle fibers, unbranched; most attached to bone

A

skeletal muscle

76
Q

cells with more than one nuclueus

A

multinucleate

77
Q

alternating bands of dark and light

A

striations

78
Q

muscle tissue found only in the heart

A

cardiac muscle tissue

79
Q

cardiac muscle cells

A

cardiomyocytes

80
Q

joins cardiocytes end to end

A

intercalated discs

81
Q

relatively short and fusiform muscle tissue

A

smooth muscle

82
Q

forms layers of digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts, blood vessels

A

visceral muscle

83
Q

junction where the plasma membranes are closely packed together with membrane proteins joining them

A

tight junctions

84
Q

junction where intermediate filaments join cells to allow for more flexibility and strength

A

desmosomes

85
Q

junction where channels formed from connexons

A

gap junction

86
Q

junction between the cells and basement membrane

A

hemidesmosomes

87
Q

secretions of these glands go directly into the blood

A

endocrine

88
Q

these glands found in thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands

A

endocrine

89
Q

secretions released outside of body or into cavity of another organ by way of duct

A

exocrine

90
Q

these glands found in sweat, mammary, and tear glands

A

exocrine

91
Q

a gland with no branches

A

simple

92
Q

gland with multiple branches

A

compound

93
Q

gland that has dilated ducts

A

acinar

94
Q

gland that has ducts uniform with the gland

A

tubular

95
Q

combination of acinar and tubular glands

A

tubuloacinar

96
Q

thin, watery secretions

A

serous glands

97
Q

secretes things like sweat, milk, tears, digestive juices

A

serous glands

98
Q

produce mucin that absorbs water to form sticky secretion called mucus

A

mucous glands

99
Q

glands that release whole cells like the testes and ovaries

A

cytogenic glands

100
Q

mode of secretion by exocytosis

A

eccrine (merocine) glands

101
Q

type of secretion for tear glands, pancreas, gastric glands, mammary glands

A

eccrine

102
Q

mode of secretion with blebs with material come off cells (contained in vesicles)

A

aprocrine glands

103
Q

type of secretion for axillary sweat glands, mammary glands

A

aprocrine

104
Q

cells accumulate product, then entire cell disintegrates

A

holocrine glands

105
Q

type of secretion for oil glands of scalp

A

holocrine

106
Q

membrane of skin; relatively dry layer

A

cutaneous membrane

107
Q

membrane lines joint cavities; secretes synovial fluid

A

synovial membrane

108
Q

internal membrane that covers organs and lines walls of body cavities; produces serous fluid

A

serous membrane (serosa)

109
Q

internal membrane that lines passages that open to exterior enviornment

A

mucous membrane (mucosa)

110
Q

tissue growth through cell multiplication

A

hyperplasia

111
Q

enlargement of preexisting cells

A

hypertrophy

112
Q

development of a tumor

A

neoplasia

113
Q

changing from one type of mature tissue to another

A

metaplasia

114
Q

replacement of damaged cells with original cells

A

regeneration

115
Q

replacement of damaged cells with scar tissue; function not restored

A

fibrosis

116
Q

healing with excessive fibrosis

A

keloid

117
Q

embryonic stem cells can develop into any human cells

A

totipotent

118
Q

cells of the embryo can develop into any human cells except accessory organs of pregnancy

A

pluripotent

119
Q

adult stem cells that can develop into more than one cell line

A

multipotent

120
Q

shrinkage of tissue through loss in cell size or number

A

atrophy

121
Q

programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

122
Q

premature, pathological death of tissue due to trauma, toxins, or infections

A

necrosis

123
Q

sudden cell death when blood supply is cut off

A

infarction

124
Q

dry gangrene

A

shrunken and discolored

125
Q

wet gangrene

A

internal organs and pus

Anatomy & Physiology I (15 decks)

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