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Ross & Wilson A&P > Chapter 7: The Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 7: The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Cell bodies form the grey matter of the nervous system

A

True

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2
Q

Groups of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are known as

A

Ganglia

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3
Q

Node of Ranvier are a feature of

A

Myelinated neurones

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4
Q

Area of the neurone that generates action potential

A

Dendrite

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5
Q

Chemical that stimulates the postsynaptic membrane

A

Neurotransmitter

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6
Q

Sensory receptor that respond to changes in presure

A

Baroreceptor

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7
Q

Nerve that contains both sensory and motor fibres

A

Mixed

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8
Q

Sensory receptor that responds to chemicals

A

Chemoreceptor

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9
Q

Sensory receptor that detects the position of muscles and joints

A

Proprioceptor

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10
Q

Nerve that stimulates gland and smooth muscle

A

Autonomic

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11
Q

Nerve that carries impulses towards the CNS

A

Afferent

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12
Q

Nerve that carries impulses away from the CNS

A

Efferent

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13
Q

Astocytes attach to

A
  1. Neurones

2. Blood vessels

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14
Q

One of the components of the blood brain barrier is

A

Astrocytes

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15
Q

Schwann cells have a similar function in the peripheral nervous system as these cells have in the Central Nervous System

A

Oligodendrocytes

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16
Q

Potassium

A

K+

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17
Q

Sodium

A

Na+

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18
Q

Presynaptic

A

Postsynaptic

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19
Q

Sensory

A

Motor

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20
Q

Sympathetic

A

Para-sympathetic

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21
Q

Myelinated

A

Non-myelinated

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22
Q

Depolarisation

A

Repolarisation

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23
Q

Cell Bodies

A

Grey matter

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24
Q

Equivalent of the periosteum of other bones

A

Dura mater

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25
Q

Forms the filum terminale

A

Pia mater

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26
Q

Surrounds the venous sinuses

A

Dura mater

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27
Q

Contains the epidural space in the spinal cord

A

Dura mater

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28
Q

Contains two layers of dense fibrous tissue

A

Dura mater

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29
Q

Consists of five connective tissue

A

Pia mater

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30
Q

The middle layer of the meninges

A

Arachnoid mater

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31
Q

Layer 1

A

Skull

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32
Q

Layer 2

A

Dura mater

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33
Q

Layer 3

A

Arachnoid mater

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34
Q

Layer 4

A

Space containing CSF

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35
Q

Layer 5

A

Pia mater

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36
Q

Necessary for secretion of cerebrospinal fluid

A
  1. Choroid Plexuses
  2. Third ventricle
  3. Fourth ventricle
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37
Q

CSF circulation is aided by

A
  1. Breathing
  2. Pulsing blood vessels
  3. Changes in posture
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38
Q

CSF normally contains

A

Albumin, globulin, white blood cells, glucose

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39
Q

CSF passes into the blood through the

A

Arachnoid villi

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40
Q

Forms superficial layer of cerebrum

A

Grey matter

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41
Q

Forms deep layer of cerebrum

A

White matter

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42
Q

Deep cleft that divides cerebral cortex into left and right hemispheres

A

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

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43
Q

Convolutions of cerebral hemisphers

A

Gyri

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44
Q

Fissures

A

Sulci

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45
Q

Connect corresponding parts of the two cerebral hemisphers

A

Comissural tacts

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46
Q

Connect different parts of one cerebral hemisphere

A

Association tracts

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47
Q

Primary motor area

A

Motor area

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48
Q

Auditory area

A

Sensory area

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49
Q

Parieto-occipital area

A

Association area

50
Q

Premotor area

A

Association area

51
Q

Olfactory area

A

Sensory area

52
Q

Broca’s area

A

Sensory area

53
Q

Prefrontal area

A

Association area

54
Q

Olfactory area

A

Sensory area

55
Q

Visual area

A

Sensory area

56
Q

Perception of hearing

A

Auditory area

57
Q

Perception of smell

A

Olfactory area

58
Q

Controls the muscles needed for speech

A

Broca’s area

59
Q

Perception of speech

A

Wernicke’s area

60
Q

Understanding of written language

A

Parieto-occipital area

61
Q

Perception of pain, touch, pressure

A

Somatosensory area

62
Q

Understanding the passage of time, normal management of emotions

A

Prefrontal area

63
Q

The hypothalamus controls secretion of the posterior pituitary gland by

A

connecting nerve fibres

64
Q

The hypothalamus controls

A
  1. The autonomic nervous system

2. appetite

65
Q

The hypothalamus is involved in

A

body water balance

66
Q

The pons is situated

A

Below the occipital lobe of the cerebrum

67
Q

The cerebellum is involved in coordination of

A
  1. Fine, precise movements
  2. Voluntary muscle movements
  3. Posture
  4. Balance
68
Q

Proprioceptor impulses arise from

A

Muscles

69
Q

Area of the cerebral cortex where perception of pain and touch occurs

A

Somatosensory

70
Q

Posterior lobe of the brain

A

Occipital

71
Q

Term used to describe crossing over of white matter at the medulla oblongata

A

Decussation

72
Q

Part of the brain stem between the cerebrum and the brain

A

Diencephalon

73
Q

Fissures in the cerebral cortex

A

Sulci

74
Q

Area of the medulla which controls the rate and force of the heart beat

A

Cardiovascular centre

75
Q

Area of the brain that selectively blocks or forwards information to the cerebral cortex

A

Reticular activating system

76
Q

Area of the skin which sensory receptors contribute to spinal nerve

A

Dermatome

77
Q

Motor fibres within the brain that pass through the internal capsule form these tracts

A

Pyramidal

78
Q

Sensory area of the cerebral cortex for perception of smell

A

Olfactory

79
Q

Part of the brain which coordinates posture and balance

A

Cerebellum

80
Q

Type of tracts that connect the cerebral cortex to lower parts of the brain or spinal cord

A

Projection

81
Q

The white matter of the nervous system is made up of

A

Myelinated fibres

82
Q

Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to

A

Receptors of the postsynaptic neurone

83
Q

The peripheral nervous system includes

A

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves and their branches

84
Q

The peripheral nervous system includes

A
  1. Smooth muscle
  2. Cardiac muscle
  3. Glands
85
Q

Activity of the SNS is

A

Fast and involuntary

86
Q

Two neurones conduct impulses to the effector organs

A

Presynaptic and Postsynaptic

87
Q

The synapses are found within the sympathetic ganglia and the neurotransmitter here is

A

Acetylcholine

88
Q

SNS activity is associated with

A

The ‘fight or flight’ response

89
Q

The following is not an example of sympathetic stimulation

A

Constriction of the bronchioles

90
Q

Increased peristalsis

A

PNS

91
Q

Pupil constriction

A

PNS

92
Q

Increased adrenal gland secretion

A

SNS

93
Q

Increased salivation

A

PNS

94
Q

Bronchodilation

A

SNS

95
Q

Decreased pulse rate

A

PNS

96
Q

Decreased urine production

A

SNS

97
Q

Decreased secretion of gastric juice

A

SNS

98
Q

Structures within the neurone that contain the neurotransmitter

A

Synaptic vesicles

99
Q

Term that describes nerves that carry impulses towards the spinal cord

A

Afferent

100
Q

Part of the neurone that receives incoming impulses

A

Dendrites

101
Q

Sheaf of nerves formed by lumbar, sacral and coccygeal nerves at the base of the vertebral column

A

Cauda Equina

102
Q

Outer layer of the meninges

A

Dura mater

103
Q

Cranial nerves involved in hearing and balance

A

Vestibulocochlear

104
Q

One of the three pre vertebral ganglia

A

Coeliac

105
Q

Area of the skin whose sensory receptors contribute to a spinal nerve

A

Dermatome

106
Q

Organ which when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system, augments its activity

A

Adrenal gland

107
Q

Convolutions of the cerebral hemisphers

A

Gyri

108
Q

Nerves that form the plexuses

A

Spinal

109
Q

Type of conduction in a myelinated nerve

A

Saltatory

110
Q

Accumulation of CSF around the brain

A

Hydrocephalus

111
Q

Condition that is usually reversible that is evident by drooping of one side of the face

A

Bell’s Palsy

112
Q

Dilation of the central canal of the spinal cord

A

Syringomyelia

113
Q

Disease that is thought to be caused by the transmission of prion protein

A

Creutzfeld Jacob

114
Q

Group of disease that affect several peripheral nerves

A

Polyneuropathy

115
Q

The commonest form of dementia

A

Alzheimer’s disease

116
Q

Inflammation of the meninges

A

Menigitis

117
Q

Comment neural tube defect that arise in foetal life

A

Spina bifida

118
Q

The result of hypoxia due to interruption of the blood flow to the brain

A

Stroke

119
Q

Often caused by rupture of a berry aneurysm

A

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

120
Q

Condition characterised by lack of control and coordination of muscle movement

A

Parkinson’s disease

121
Q

Caused by the herpes zoster virus that often remains dormant the posterior root ganglia

A

Shingles

Ross & Wilson A&P (9 decks)

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