Chapter 4: The blood Flashcards
Fluid connective tissue
Blood
Blood transports
Oxygen and carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste, hormones, heat, antibodies and clotting factors
Plasma
clear, straw coloured, watery fluid that blood is composed from
Plasma constitutes
55%
45% cellular fraction of blood
Plasma proteins
Albumins, Globulins and clotting factors
Albumins
Maintain osmotic pressure and are carrier molecules for free fatty acids, drugs and steroid hormones
Globulins
Antibodies (immunogloblins)
Transport hormones
Inhibit certain enzymes
Clotting factors
The most abundant being fibrinogen
I Fibrinogen
II Prothrombin
III Tissue factor (thromboplastin)
IV Calcium (Ca2+)
V Labile factor, proaccelerin, Ac-globulin
VII Stable factor, proconvertin
VIII Antihaemophilic globulin (AHG) factor A
IX Christmas factor, plasma thromboplastin component (PTA), antihaemophilic factor B
X Stuart prower factor
XI Plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA)
XII Hageman factor
XIII Fibrin stabilising factor
There is no factor VI
Vitamin K is essential for II, VII, IX and X
Three types of blood cell
Erythrocytes (red blood cell),
Leukocytes (white blood cell) and
Thrombocytes (platelets)
Haemopoiesis
The process of blood cell formation
Biconcave disks that have no nucleus, 7 micrometres in diameter and mainly transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Erythrocytes
Haemoglobin
Large pigmented protein known as haem and is responsible for gas exchange.
Each molecule can carry up to 4 molecules of oxygen
There are millions of molecules in each red blood cell.
Life span of erythrocytes in circulation is
120 days
Erythropoiesis
Development of red blood cells from stem cells and takes about 7 days
Vitamin required for red blood cell synthesis
Vitamin B12 and Folic acid