Chapter 4: The blood Flashcards

1
Q

Fluid connective tissue

A

Blood

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2
Q

Blood transports

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste, hormones, heat, antibodies and clotting factors

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3
Q

Plasma

A

clear, straw coloured, watery fluid that blood is composed from

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4
Q

Plasma constitutes

A

55%

45% cellular fraction of blood

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5
Q

Plasma proteins

A

Albumins, Globulins and clotting factors

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6
Q

Albumins

A

Maintain osmotic pressure and are carrier molecules for free fatty acids, drugs and steroid hormones

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7
Q

Globulins

A

Antibodies (immunogloblins)
Transport hormones
Inhibit certain enzymes

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8
Q

Clotting factors

A

The most abundant being fibrinogen
I Fibrinogen
II Prothrombin
III Tissue factor (thromboplastin)
IV Calcium (Ca2+)
V Labile factor, proaccelerin, Ac-globulin
VII Stable factor, proconvertin
VIII Antihaemophilic globulin (AHG) factor A
IX Christmas factor, plasma thromboplastin component (PTA), antihaemophilic factor B
X Stuart prower factor
XI Plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA)
XII Hageman factor
XIII Fibrin stabilising factor

There is no factor VI
Vitamin K is essential for II, VII, IX and X

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9
Q

Three types of blood cell

A

Erythrocytes (red blood cell),
Leukocytes (white blood cell) and
Thrombocytes (platelets)

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10
Q

Haemopoiesis

A

The process of blood cell formation

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11
Q

Biconcave disks that have no nucleus, 7 micrometres in diameter and mainly transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Erythrocytes

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12
Q

Haemoglobin

A

Large pigmented protein known as haem and is responsible for gas exchange.
Each molecule can carry up to 4 molecules of oxygen
There are millions of molecules in each red blood cell.

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13
Q

Life span of erythrocytes in circulation is

A

120 days

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14
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Development of red blood cells from stem cells and takes about 7 days

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15
Q

Vitamin required for red blood cell synthesis

A

Vitamin B12 and Folic acid

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16
Q

Saturated

A

When all four haemoglobin molecules are full

17
Q

Oxyhaemoglobin (HbO)

A

Haemoglobin (Hb) reversibly binds to oxygen (O2)

18
Q

Oxygen rich blood

A

Red

19
Q

Oxygen poor blood

A

Blue

20
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low oxygen levels

21
Q

Blood Group A

A

Antigen A,

makes anti B antibodies

22
Q

Blood Group B

A

Antigen B,

makes anti A antibodies

23
Q

Blood Group AB

A

Antigen A and B,
makes neither A or B antibodies
Universal Recipent

24
Q

Blood Group O

A

No antigen
makes both anti A and anti B antibodies
Universal Donor

25
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells
Important for immunity
Granulocytes and agranulocytes

26
Q

Granulocytes

A

There formation being granulopoiesis

Baophil, Neutrophil and Eosinophil

27
Q

Neutrophils

A

Small, fast and active scavengers protect the body against bacterial invasion and remove dead cells and debris from damaged tissues

28
Q

Eosinophils

A

Elimination of parasites such as worms

29
Q

Basophils

A

Packed with heparin and histamine

30
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Large nucleus and no granules

Monocytes and lymphocytes

31
Q

Monocytes

A

Largest of the white blood cells

Phagocytic and some develop into macrophages

32
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Smaller than monocytes and have a large nuclei
Present in lymphatic tissue
Respond to antigens

33
Q

Platelets

A

very small non nucleated discs
Blood clotting
Thrombopoietin excreted from the kidneys which stimulate platelet synthesis
Life span 8-11 days

34
Q

Haemostasis

A

Vasoconstriction
Platelet plug formation
Coagulation (blood clotting)
Fibrinolysis